Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2022 May 23;51(10):4075-4093. doi: 10.1039/d1cs01025e.
Lifeforms are regulated by many physicochemical factors, and these factors could be controlled to play a role in the construction of artificial living systems. Among these factors, spatial confinement is an important one, which mediates biological behaviors at multiscale levels and participates in the biomanufacturing processes accordingly. This review describes how spatial confinement, as a fundamental biological phenomenon, provides cues for the construction of artificial living systems. Current knowledge about the role of spatial confinement in mediating individual cell behavior, collective cellular behavior, and tissue-level behavior are categorized. Endeavors on the synthesis of biomacromolecules, artificial cells, engineered tissues, and organoids in spatially confined bioreactors are then emphasized. After that, we discuss the cutting-edge applications of spatially confined artificial living systems in biomedical fields. Finally, we conclude by assessing the remaining challenges and future trends in the context of fundamental science, technical improvement, and practical applications.
生命形式受到许多物理化学因素的调节，这些因素可以被控制，以在人工生命系统的构建中发挥作用。在这些因素中，空间限制是一个重要的因素，它在多尺度水平上调节生物行为，并相应地参与生物制造过程。本综述描述了空间限制如何作为一种基本的生物学现象，为人工生命系统的构建提供线索。当前关于空间限制在调节单个细胞行为、细胞群体行为和组织水平行为中的作用的知识被分类。然后强调了在空间受限生物反应器中合成生物大分子、人工细胞、工程组织和类器官的努力。之后，我们讨论了空间受限人工生命系统在生物医学领域的最新应用。最后，我们在基础科学、技术改进和实际应用的背景下评估了剩余的挑战和未来趋势。
