infection in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a single-centre, prospective, observational study in Egypt.

OBJECTIVE

Conflicting results have been reported by numerous epidemiological studies investigating the association between () infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed in this study to assess the possible association between infection and IBD and its effects on disease progression.

DESIGN

Prospective observational study.

SETTING

Specialised IBD care clinics at Alexandria University Student Hospital in northern Egypt, between March and June 2019.

PARTICIPANTS

182 patients with IBD.

ANALYSIS AND OUTCOME MEASURES

Participants with IBD were screened for infection and clinically evaluated at the initial visit and bimonthly for 3 months to record any potential improvement/flare of the IBD condition.

RESULTS

Overall, 90 (49.5%) patients with IBD had evidence of infection. The course of IBD did not significantly differ in association with infection or IBD treatment strategy. Cox regression analysis revealed that patients aged 20-35 years (HR=6.20 (95% CI: 1.74 to 22.12)) and 35-55 years (557.9 (17.4-17 922.8)), high socioeconomic status (2.9 (1.11-7.8)), daily consumption of fibre-rich food (5.1 (1.32-19.5)), occasional consumption of snacks between meals (2.8 (2.5-70.5)) and eating four meals per day (13.3 (1.0-7.7)) were predictive of IBD flare. By contrast, eating fruits and vegetables showed a strongly protective association (HR=0.001 (95% CI: 0.0002 to 0.02)). The probabilities of improvement of IBD symptoms after 12 weeks of follow-up were comparable in assessments based on infection status (0.793 for negative vs 0.778 for positive) and IBD treatment option (0.811 for conventional therapy vs 0.750 for biological therapy).

CONCLUSION

The association between IBD and infection is unresolved and should be further investigated in the context of specific environmental exposures that can influence the development or relapse of IBD.