Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China.
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 May 3;7(1):145. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00990-4.
With advances in sequencing and instrument technology, bioinformatics analysis is being applied to batches of massive cells at single-cell resolution. High-throughput single-cell sequencing can be utilized for multi-omics characterization of tumor cells, stromal cells or infiltrated immune cells to evaluate tumor progression, responses to environmental perturbations, heterogeneous composition of the tumor microenvironment, and complex intercellular interactions between these factors. Particularly, single-cell sequencing of T cell receptors, alone or in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing, is useful in the fields of tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Clinical insights obtained from single-cell analysis are critically important for exploring the biomarkers of disease progression or antitumor treatment, as well as for guiding precise clinical decision-making for patients with malignant tumors. In this review, we summarize the clinical applications of single-cell sequencing in the fields of tumor cell evolution, tumor immunology, and tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, we analyze the tumor cell response to antitumor treatment, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, and response or resistance to immune checkpoint immunotherapy. The limitations of single-cell analysis in cancer research are also discussed.
随着测序和仪器技术的进步，生物信息学分析正在应用于单细胞分辨率的大量细胞批量分析。高通量单细胞测序可用于肿瘤细胞、基质细胞或浸润免疫细胞的多组学特征分析，以评估肿瘤进展、对环境干扰的反应、肿瘤微环境的异质性组成以及这些因素之间的复杂细胞间相互作用。特别是，T 细胞受体的单细胞测序，单独或与单细胞 RNA 测序相结合，在肿瘤免疫学和免疫治疗领域非常有用。从单细胞分析中获得的临床见解对于探索疾病进展或抗肿瘤治疗的生物标志物以及指导恶性肿瘤患者的精确临床决策至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了单细胞测序在肿瘤细胞进化、肿瘤免疫学和肿瘤免疫治疗领域的临床应用。此外，我们分析了肿瘤细胞对抗肿瘤治疗的反应、肿瘤微环境的异质性以及对免疫检查点免疫治疗的反应或耐药性。还讨论了单细胞分析在癌症研究中的局限性。
