Sandercock Gavin R H, Moran Jason, Cohen Daniel D
School of Sport Rehabilitation & Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia.
PLoS One. 2022 May 4;17(5):e0267277. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267277. eCollection 2022.
The current UK physical activity guidelines recommend that adults aged 19 to 65 years perform activity to strengthen muscle and bone a minimum of twice weekly. The number of adults meeting strengthening activity guidelines is lower than for aerobic activity, but estimates vary between studies partly due to differences in how muscle-strengthening activity is defined. We aimed to provide estimates for strengthening activity prevalence in English adults based on a nationally representative sample of n = 253,423 18-65-year-olds. We attempted to quantify the variation in estimates attributable to differences in the way strengthening activity is defined. Finally, we aim to provide a brief descriptive epidemiology of the factors associated with strengthening activity. Adults met guidelines for aerobic activity if they reported the activity equivalent to >150 min/week moderate-intensity exercise. Respondents met strengthening guidelines if they reported at least two bouts per week of strengthening activity. We defined strengthening activity, first, according to criteria used in the Health Survey for England (HSE). Second, we counted bouts of strengthening activities for which we could find evidence of health-related benefits (Evidence). Third, we included bouts of strengthening activity as defined in current UK physical activity guidelines (Guideline). Two-thirds (67%) of adults met guidelines for aerobic activity (69% of men, 65% of women). Less than one-third (29% of men and 24% of women) met guidelines for the HSE definition of strengthening activity. Under the Evidence definition, 16% of men and 9% of women met strengthening guidelines. Using the most-stringent definition (Guideline) just 7.3% of men and 4.1% of women achieved the recommendations for strengthening activity. We found females and older adults (50-65 years) were less likely to meet guidelines for aerobic, strengthening, and combined aerobic plus strengthening activity. The prevalence of meeting activity guidelines was lower in adults from more deprived areas (compared with the least deprived); Adults with lower academic qualifications (Level 1) were less likely to meet activity guidelines than those educated to Level 4 (Degree Level) or higher. Having a limiting disability was associated with a lower prevalence of meeting activity guidelines. Associations between socio-demographic measures and the prevalence of adults meeting activity guidelines were stronger for strengthening activity than for aerobic 51(or combined aerobic plus strengthening) activity Compared with aerobic activity, fewer adults engage in strengthening activity regardless of how it is defined. The range in estimates for how many adults meet strengthening activity guidelines can be explained by variations in the definition of 'strengthening' that are used and the specific sports or activities identified as strengthening exercise. When strengthening activity is included, the proportion of English adults meeting current physical activity guidelines could be as high as 1 in 3 but possibly as low as just 1 in 20. A harmonized definition of strengthening activity, that is aligned with physical activity guidelines, is required to provide realistic and comparable prevalence estimates.
英国现行的体育活动指南建议，19至65岁的成年人每周至少进行两次增强肌肉和骨骼的活动。达到增强活动指南的成年人数量低于有氧运动的人数，但不同研究的估计数有所不同，部分原因是肌肉强化活动的定义存在差异。我们旨在根据n = 253,423名18 - 65岁具有全国代表性的样本，提供英国成年人增强活动患病率的估计值。我们试图量化因增强活动定义方式不同而导致的估计值差异。最后，我们旨在简要描述与增强活动相关因素的流行病学情况。如果成年人报告的活动量相当于每周超过150分钟的中等强度运动，则其达到了有氧运动指南。如果受访者报告每周至少进行两次增强活动，则其达到了增强指南。我们首先根据英格兰健康调查（HSE）中使用的标准定义增强活动。其次，我们计算了能够找到与健康相关益处证据的增强活动次数（证据）。第三，我们纳入了英国现行体育活动指南中定义的增强活动次数（指南）。三分之二（67%）的成年人达到了有氧运动指南（男性为69%，女性为65%）。不到三分之一（男性为29%，女性为24%）的人达到了HSE定义的增强活动指南。根据“证据”定义，16%的男性和9%的女性达到了增强指南。使用最严格的定义（指南），只有7.3%的男性和4.1%的女性达到了增强活动的建议。我们发现女性和老年人（50 - 65岁）达到有氧运动、增强活动以及有氧运动加增强活动综合指南的可能性较小。来自贫困程度较高地区的成年人达到活动指南的患病率较低（与最不贫困地区相比）；学历较低（1级）的成年人比接受4级（学位水平）或更高教育的人达到活动指南的可能性更小。患有致残性残疾与达到活动指南的患病率较低相关。社会人口统计学指标与达到活动指南的成年人患病率之间的关联，对于增强活动而言比对有氧运动（或有氧运动加增强活动综合）更强。与有氧运动相比，无论如何定义，参与增强活动的成年人较少。对于有多少成年人达到增强活动指南的估计范围，可以通过所使用的“增强”定义的差异以及被确定为增强运动的特定体育项目或活动来解释。当纳入增强活动时，达到现行体育活动指南的英国成年人比例可能高达三分之一，但也可能低至二十分之一。需要一个与体育活动指南一致的增强活动统一定义，以提供现实且可比的患病率估计值。
