Monitoring and control of the release of soluble O from H O inside porous enzyme carrier for O supply to an immobilized d-amino acid oxidase.

While O substrate for bio-transformations in bulk liquid is routinely provided from entrained air or O gas, tailored solutions of O supply are required when the bio-catalysis happens spatially confined to the microstructure of a solid support. Release of soluble O from H O by catalase is promising, but spatiotemporal control of the process is challenging to achieve. Here, we show monitoring and control by optical sensing within a porous carrier of the soluble O formed by an immobilized catalase upon feeding of H O . The internally released O is used to drive the reaction of d-amino acid oxidase (oxidation of d-methionine) that is co-immobilized with the catalase in the same carrier. The H O is supplied in portions at properly timed intervals, or continuously at controlled flow rate, to balance the O production and consumption inside the carrier so as to maintain the internal O concentration in the range of 100-500 µM. Thus, enzyme inactivation by excess H O is prevented and gas formation from the released O is avoided at the same time. The reaction rate of the co-immobilized enzyme preparation is shown to depend linearly on the internal O concentration up to the air-saturated level. Conversions at a 200 ml scale using varied H O feed rate (0.04-0.18 mmol/min) give the equivalent production rate from d-methionine (200 mM) and achieve rate enhancement by ∼1.55-fold compared to the same oxidase reaction under bubble aeration. Collectively, these results show an integrated strategy of biomolecular engineering for tightly controlled supply of O substrate from H O into carrier-immobilized enzymes. By addressing limitations of O supply via gas-liquid transfer, especially at the microscale, this can be generally useful to develop specialized process strategies for O -dependent biocatalytic reactions.