Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Science. 2022 May 6;376(6593):597-603. doi: 10.1126/science.abj1572. Epub 2022 May 5.
International trade separates consumption of goods from related environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land-use change (together referred to as "land-use emissions"). Through use of new emissions estimates and a multiregional input-output model, we evaluated land-use emissions embodied in global trade from 2004 to 2017. Annually, 27% of land-use emissions and 22% of agricultural land are related to agricultural products ultimately consumed in a different region from where they were produced. Roughly three-quarters of embodied emissions are from land-use change, with the largest transfers from lower-income countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, and Argentina to more industrialized regions such as Europe, the United States, and China. Mitigation of global land-use emissions and sustainable development may thus depend on improving the transparency of supply chains.
国际贸易将商品消费与其相关的环境影响（包括农业和土地利用变化产生的温室气体排放，统称为“土地利用排放”）割裂开来。通过使用新的排放估算和多区域投入产出模型，我们评估了 2004 年至 2017 年期间全球贸易中所包含的土地利用排放。每年，27%的土地利用排放和 22%的农业用地与最终在生产地以外的地区消费的农产品有关。大约四分之三的隐含排放来自土地利用变化，最大的排放转移来自巴西、印度尼西亚和阿根廷等低收入国家到欧洲、美国和中国等更工业化的地区。因此，全球土地利用排放的缓解和可持续发展可能取决于提高供应链的透明度。
