Gao Pan, Liu Shan, Wang Xiaoyi, Ikeya Makoto
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of General and Emergency Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2022 Nov;58:162-171. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.03.002. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ideal tactic for treating periodontitis. Tooth regeneration is the potential strategy to restore the lost teeth. With infinite self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and less ethical issues than embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising cell resource for periodontal and tooth regeneration. This review summarized the optimized technologies of generating iPSC lines and application of iPSC derivatives, which reduce the risk of tumorigenicity. Given that iPSCs may have epigenetic memory from the donor tissue and tend to differentiate into lineages along with the donor cells, iPSCs derived from dental tissues may benefit for personalized dental application. Neural crest cells (NCCs) and mesenchymal stem or stomal cells (MSCs) are lineage-specific progenitor cells derived from iPSCs and can differentiate into multilineage cell types. This review introduced the updated technologies of inducing iPSC-derived NCCs and iPSC-derived MSCs and their application in periodontal and tooth regeneration. Given the complexity of periodontal tissues and teeth, it is crucial to elucidate the integrated mechanisms of all constitutive cells and the spatio-temporal interactions among them to generate structural periodontal tissues and functional teeth. Thus, more sophisticated studies and and even preclinical investigations need to be conducted.
牙周组织再生是治疗牙周炎的理想策略。牙齿再生是修复缺失牙齿的潜在策略。诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）具有无限的自我更新能力、广泛的分化潜能，且伦理问题比胚胎干细胞少，是牙周和牙齿再生的有前景的细胞来源。本文综述了生成iPSC系的优化技术以及iPSC衍生物的应用，这些技术降低了致瘤风险。鉴于iPSC可能具有来自供体组织的表观遗传记忆，并倾向于与供体细胞一起分化为特定谱系，源自牙组织的iPSC可能有利于个性化牙科应用。神经嵴细胞（NCC）和间充质干/基质细胞（MSC）是源自iPSC的谱系特异性祖细胞，可分化为多种细胞类型。本文介绍了诱导iPSC来源的NCC和iPSC来源的MSC的最新技术及其在牙周和牙齿再生中的应用。鉴于牙周组织和牙齿的复杂性，阐明所有组成细胞的整合机制以及它们之间的时空相互作用以生成结构性牙周组织和功能性牙齿至关重要。因此，需要进行更深入的研究甚至临床前研究。
