Grundy S M, Greenland P, Herd A, Huebsch J A, Jones R J, Mitchell J H, Schlant R C
Circulation. 1987 Jun;75(6):1340A-1362A.
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in American adults. The chief form of cardiovascular disease is coronary heart disease (CHD). Prevention of CHD depends on the identification of risk factors in asymptomatic individuals. The American Heart Association recommends that all adults be examined periodically for the presence of silent cardiovascular disease and coronary risk factors. The major risk factors for CHD are smoking, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol. Additional factors associated with CHD are high blood triglycerides, reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and certain behavioral characteristics. Available data suggest that the predominance of CHD among Americans can be attributed to these risk factors, and increasing evidence indicates that appropriate modification of these factors will markedly reduce coronary risk. The purpose of this report is to identify the risk factors, indicate their relation to coronary disease, and recommend an approach to their detection in adults during periodic health examinations.
心血管疾病是美国成年人的主要死因。心血管疾病的主要形式是冠心病（CHD）。冠心病的预防取决于对无症状个体风险因素的识别。美国心脏协会建议所有成年人定期接受检查，以确定是否存在隐匿性心血管疾病和冠心病风险因素。冠心病的主要风险因素是吸烟、高血压和高血胆固醇。与冠心病相关的其他因素包括高血甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白水平降低、糖尿病、肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式以及某些行为特征。现有数据表明，美国人中冠心病的高发可归因于这些风险因素，而且越来越多的证据表明，对这些因素进行适当调整将显著降低冠心病风险。本报告的目的是识别风险因素，指出它们与冠心病的关系，并推荐一种在成年人定期健康检查期间检测这些因素的方法。
