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信息通信技术、制度质量、医疗支出与碳排放的关联:来自沙特阿拉伯的案例研究。

The nexus among ICT, institutional quality, health expenditure, and carbon emission: a case study from Saudi Arabia.

机构信息

Finance Department, College of Business and Administration (CBA), University of Business and Technology (UBT), Jeddah, 21448, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(44):67170-67179. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20583-6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Abstract

The most essential component of human capital is health capital; however, expenditures on health are gaining attention from practitioners, policymakers, and researchers. Accordingly, this study determined the dynamic association between health expenditures (HEP), economic growth (ECGW), carbon emissions (COEM), information and communication technology (ICT), institutional quality (IQ), and energy consumption (EC) in the context of Saudi Arabia. The autoregressive distributed lag and vector error correction model was employed to identify the dynamic linkages among under-considered variables by using data of 1995-2019. The empirical analysis indicated that COEM, ECGW, and EC have a positive influence on HEP, while ICT and IQ have a negative effect on HEP. There is bidirectional causality is identified between COEM, ICT, IQ, and EC, while one-way long-run causality is recognized from HEP and ECGW to these variables. Moreover, two-way short-run causality is identified between ICT and EC, whereas one-way causality is recognized from HEP and COEM to ICT. This study empirically established the essential role of IQ and ICT to enhance air quality and decrease the HEP. Consequently, policymakers should strengthen the institution and implement advanced ICTs to provide a healthy economy.

摘要

人力资本最重要的组成部分是健康资本;然而,医疗保健支出正引起从业者、政策制定者和研究人员的关注。因此,本研究在沙特阿拉伯的背景下,确定了健康支出(HEP)、经济增长(ECGW)、碳排放(COEM)、信息和通信技术(ICT)、制度质量(IQ)和能源消耗(EC)之间的动态关联。使用 1995-2019 年的数据,采用自回归分布滞后和向量误差修正模型来确定考虑不充分变量之间的动态联系。实证分析表明,COEM、ECGW 和 EC 对 HEP 有正向影响,而 ICT 和 IQ 对 HEP 有负向影响。在 COEM、ICT、IQ 和 EC 之间存在双向因果关系,而从 HEP 和 ECGW 到这些变量存在单向长期因果关系。此外,在 ICT 和 EC 之间存在双向短期因果关系,而从 HEP 和 COEM 到 ICT 存在单向因果关系。本研究从实证上确定了 IQ 和 ICT 对于提高空气质量和降低 HEP 的重要作用。因此,政策制定者应该加强制度建设,采用先进的信息通信技术,为健康的经济提供支持。

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