Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Physiol Plant. 2022 May;174(3):e13702. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13702.
Soil salinity is one of the most serious threats to plant growth and productivity. Due to global climate change, burgeoning population and shrinking arable land, there is an urgent need to develop crops with minimum reduction in yield when cultivated in salt-affected areas. Salinity stress imposes osmotic stress as well as ion toxicity, which impairs major plant processes such as photosynthesis, cellular metabolism, and plant nutrition. One of the major effects of salinity stress in plants includes the disturbance of ion homeostasis in various tissues. In the present study, we aimed to review the regulation of uptake, transport, storage, efflux, influx, and accumulation of various ions in plants under salinity stress. We have summarized major research advancements towards understanding the ion homeostasis at both cellular and whole-plant level under salinity stress. We have also discussed various factors regulating the function of ion transporters and channels in maintaining ion homeostasis and ionic interactions under salt stress, including plant antioxidative defense, osmo-protection, and osmoregulation. We further elaborated on stress perception at extracellular and intracellular levels, which triggers downstream intracellular-signaling cascade, including secondary messenger molecules generation. Various signaling and signal transduction mechanisms under salinity stress and their role in improving ion homeostasis in plants are also discussed. Taken together, the present review focuses on recent advancements in understanding the regulation and function of different ion channels and transporters under salt stress, which may pave the way for crop improvement.
土壤盐度是植物生长和生产力面临的最严重威胁之一。由于全球气候变化、人口增长和可耕地减少，因此迫切需要开发出在盐渍地区种植时产量减少最小的作物。盐胁迫不仅会造成渗透胁迫，还会导致离子毒性，从而损害光合作用、细胞代谢和植物营养等主要植物过程。盐胁迫对植物的主要影响之一包括破坏各种组织中的离子稳态。在本研究中，我们旨在综述植物在盐胁迫下吸收、运输、储存、外排、内流和积累各种离子的调控。我们总结了在盐胁迫下理解细胞和整个植物水平离子稳态的主要研究进展。我们还讨论了调节离子转运体和通道功能的各种因素，以在盐胁迫下维持离子稳态和离子相互作用，包括植物抗氧化防御、渗透保护和渗透调节。我们进一步阐述了在细胞外和细胞内水平上的胁迫感知，它触发了下游的细胞内信号级联反应，包括第二信使分子的产生。还讨论了盐胁迫下各种信号转导机制及其在改善植物离子稳态中的作用。综上所述，本综述重点关注了在盐胁迫下理解不同离子通道和转运体的调节和功能的最新进展，这可能为作物改良铺平道路。
