Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Oct 26;24(11):1798-1802. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac118.
In response to reducing cigarette nicotine content, people who smoke could attempt to compensate by using more cigarettes or by puffing on individual cigarettes with greater intensity. Such behaviors may be especially likely under conditions where normal nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes are not readily accessible. The current within-subject, residential study investigated whether puffing intensity increased with very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarette use, relative to NNC cigarette use, when no other nicotine products were available.
Sixteen adults who smoke daily completed two four-night hotel stays in Charleston, South Carolina (United States) in 2018 during which only NNC or only VLNC cigarettes were accessible. We collected the filters from all smoked cigarettes and measured the deposited solanesol to estimate mouth-level nicotine delivery per cigarette. These estimates were averaged within and across participants, per each 24-h period. We then compared the ratio of participant-smoked VLNC and NNC cigarette mouth-level nicotine with the ratio yielded by cigarette smoking machines (when puffing intensity is constant).
Average mouth-level nicotine estimates from cigarettes smoked during the hotel stays indicate participants puffed VLNC cigarettes with greater intensity than NNC cigarettes in each respective 24-h period. However, this effect diminished over time (p < .001). Specifically, VLNC puffing intensity was 40.0% (95% CI: 29.9, 53.0) greater than NNC puffing intensity in the first period, and 16.1% (95% CI: 6.9, 26.0) greater in the fourth period.
Average puffing intensity per cigarette was elevated with exclusive VLNC cigarette use, but the extent of this effect declined across four days.
In an environment where no other sources of nicotine are available, people who smoke daily may initially attempt to compensate for cigarette nicotine reduction by puffing on individual cigarettes with greater intensity. Ultimately, the compensatory behavior changes required to achieve usual nicotine intake from VLNC cigarettes are drastic and unrealistic. Accordingly, people are unlikely to sustain attempts to compensate for very low cigarette nicotine content.
为了降低香烟中的尼古丁含量，吸烟者可能会试图通过增加吸烟量或加大吸食每支烟的力度来进行补偿。在无法获得正常尼古丁含量（NNC）香烟的情况下，这些行为可能更为常见。本项在参与者体内进行的住宅研究旨在调查当无法获得其他尼古丁产品时，与 NNC 香烟相比，极低尼古丁含量（VLNC）香烟的使用是否会导致吸食强度增加。
2018 年，16 名每日吸烟的成年人在美国南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的两家酒店分别完成了为期四天的住宿研究，在此期间仅可获得 NNC 或 VLNC 香烟。我们收集了所有吸烟的香烟过滤嘴并测量了其中的茄尼醇以估计每支香烟的口腔尼古丁输送量。根据每个 24 小时周期，我们在参与者内部和参与者之间平均这些估计值。然后，我们将参与者吸食的 VLNC 和 NNC 香烟的口腔尼古丁与香烟吸食机产生的尼古丁（当吸食强度保持不变时）的比值进行比较。
在酒店住宿期间吸食的香烟的平均口腔尼古丁估计值表明，在每个相应的 24 小时周期中，参与者吸食 VLNC 香烟的力度都大于 NNC 香烟。然而，这种效应随着时间的推移而减弱（p <.001）。具体来说，在第一周期中，VLNC 吸食强度比 NNC 吸食强度高 40.0%（95%CI：29.9，53.0），在第四周期中高 16.1%（95%CI：6.9，26.0）。
在没有其他尼古丁来源的环境中，每日吸烟的人可能会最初通过加大吸食每支烟的力度来补偿香烟中尼古丁含量的降低。最终，从 VLNC 香烟中获得通常的尼古丁摄入量所需的补偿行为变化是巨大且不切实际的。因此，人们不太可能持续尝试补偿极低的香烟尼古丁含量。
