Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
J Integr Complement Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):664-673. doi: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0445. Epub 2022 May 6.
This study examines motivations for yoga and identifies unique motivational profiles among a sample of young adult yoga practitioners. This study further determines how young adult yoga practitioners' motivational profiles associate with physical health behaviors and psychological factors. Survey data were drawn from the fourth wave of a large, population-based study (Project EAT-IV; Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify motivational profiles among Project EAT-IV participants practicing yoga ( = 297; mean age: 30.8-1.7 years; 79.7 % female). Cross-sectional associations between latent motivational profiles, physical health behaviors, and psychological factors were determined with unadjusted and adjusted (gender, race/ethnicity, and body mass index) general linear models. Across motivational profiles, most young adult yoga practitioners were motivated by enhanced fitness and stress reduction/relaxation. Additional motivations for yoga clustered by appearance (desire to change body appearance or weight) or mindfulness (desire to increase present moment awareness) underpinnings. The LCA characterized motivational profiles as "Low Appearance, Low Mindfulness" (Class 1; = 77), "Low Appearance, High Mindfulness" (Class 2; = 48), "High Appearance, Low Mindfulness" (Class 3; = 79), and "High Appearance, High Mindfulness" (Class 4; = 93). Having a profile with high mindfulness and low appearance motivations (Class 2) was associated with higher body satisfaction in comparison to the other classes ( < 0.001). Relative to Class 2, those with low mindfulness motivations (Class 1; Class 3) reported less total physical activity ( = 0.002) and those with high appearance motivations (Class 3; Class 4) reported higher compulsive exercise scores ( = 0.002). In this sample, high mindfulness and low appearance motivations for yoga appeared optimal for physical and psychological health. Cross-sectional findings suggest that young adult yoga practitioners' mind-body health may be supported by motivational underpinnings that emphasize yoga's internal (mindfulness) rather than external (appearance) benefits.
本研究考察了瑜伽练习者的动机，并确定了年轻成年瑜伽练习者中独特的动机特征。本研究进一步确定了年轻成年瑜伽练习者的动机特征与身体健康行为和心理因素的关联。调查数据来自一项大型基于人群的研究（EAT 项目-IV；青少年和年轻人的饮食和活动）的第四波。潜在类别分析（LCA）用于识别 EAT-IV 项目中练习瑜伽的参与者的动机特征（n=297；平均年龄：30.8-1.7 岁；79.7%为女性）。通过未调整和调整（性别、种族/民族和体重指数）的一般线性模型，确定潜在动机特征与身体健康行为和心理因素之间的横断面关联。在所有动机特征中，大多数年轻成年瑜伽练习者的动机是增强健康和减轻压力/放松。瑜伽的其他动机聚类于外观（改变身体外观或体重的愿望）或正念（增加当下意识的愿望）基础。LCA 将动机特征描述为“低外观，低正念”（第 1 类；n=77）、“低外观，高正念”（第 2 类；n=48）、“高外观，低正念”（第 3 类；n=79）和“高外观，高正念”（第 4 类；n=93）。与其他类别相比（p<0.001），具有高正念和低外观动机的特征（第 2 类）与更高的身体满意度相关。与第 2 类相比，那些正念较低的人（第 1 类；第 3 类）报告的总身体活动较少（p=0.002），而那些具有较高外观动机的人（第 3 类；第 4 类）报告的强迫性运动得分较高（p=0.002）。在这个样本中，瑜伽的高正念和低外观动机似乎对身心健康最为理想。横断面研究结果表明，年轻成年瑜伽练习者的身心健康可能得益于强调瑜伽内在（正念）而非外在（外观）益处的动机基础。
