Miyata Kohei, Yamamoto Tetsuya, Fukunaga Masaki, Sugawara Sho, Sadato Norihiro
Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
Cereb Cortex Commun. 2022 Apr 7;3(2):tgac014. doi: 10.1093/texcom/tgac014. eCollection 2022.
Temporal prediction ability is vital for movement synchronization with external rhythmic stimuli (sensorimotor synchronization); however, little is known regarding individual variations in temporal prediction ability and its neural correlates. We determined the underlying neural correlates of temporal prediction and individual variations during auditory-motor synchronization. We hypothesized that the non-primary motor cortices, such as the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area, are the key brain regions that correlate individual variations in prediction ability. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (7T) was performed for 18 healthy volunteers who tapped to 3 types of auditory metronome beats: isochronous, tempo change, and random. The prediction ability was evaluated using prediction/tracking ratios that were computed based on cross-correlations between tap timing and pacing events. Participants with a higher prediction/tracking ratio (i.e. stronger predictive tendency) tapped to metronome beats more accurately and precisely. The prediction/tracking ratio was positively correlated with the activity in the bilateral dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), suggesting that the bilateral PMd explains the individual variation in prediction ability. These results indicate that the PMd is involved in generating a model for temporal prediction of auditory rhythm patterns and its activity would reflect model accuracy, which is critical for accurate and precise sensorimotor synchronization.
时间预测能力对于与外部节奏刺激进行运动同步（感觉运动同步）至关重要；然而，关于时间预测能力的个体差异及其神经关联，我们所知甚少。我们确定了听觉-运动同步过程中时间预测的潜在神经关联及个体差异。我们假设，诸如运动前皮质和辅助运动区等非初级运动皮质是与预测能力个体差异相关的关键脑区。对18名健康志愿者进行了功能磁共振成像（7T）检查，他们随着3种类型的听觉节拍器节拍进行敲击：等时的、节奏变化的和随机的。使用基于敲击时间与节拍事件之间的互相关计算得出的预测/跟踪比率来评估预测能力。预测/跟踪比率较高（即预测倾向较强）的参与者敲击节拍器节拍的准确性和精确性更高。预测/跟踪比率与双侧背侧运动前皮质（PMd）的活动呈正相关，这表明双侧PMd解释了预测能力的个体差异。这些结果表明，PMd参与生成用于听觉节奏模式时间预测的模型，其活动反映了模型准确性，而模型准确性对于准确和精确的感觉运动同步至关重要。
