Colley Ian D, Varlet Manuel, MacRitchie Jennifer, Keller Peter E
The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2018 Nov;191:190-200. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.09.014. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
Music presents a complex case of movement timing, as one to several dozen musicians coordinate their actions at short time-scales. This process is often directed by a conductor who provides a visual beat and guides the ensemble through tempo changes. The current experiment tested the ways in which audio-motor coordination is influenced by visual cues from a conductor's gestures, and how this influence might manifest in two ways: movements used to produce sound related to the music, and movements of the upper-body that do not directly affect sound output. We designed a virtual conductor that was derived from morphed motion capture recordings of human conductors. Two groups of participants (29 musicians and 28 nonmusicians, to test the generalizability of visuo-motor synchronization to non-experts) were shown the virtual conductor, a simple visual metronome, or a stationary circle while completing a drumming task that required synchronization with tempo-changing musical sequences. We measured asynchronies and temporal anticipation in the drumming task, as well as participants' upper-body movement using motion capture. Drumming results suggest the conductor generally improves synchronization by facilitating anticipation of tempo changes in the music. Motion capture results showed that the conductor visual cue elicited more structured head movements than the other two visual cues for nonmusicians only. Multiple regression analysis showed that the nonmusicians with less rigid movement and high anticipation had lower asynchronies. Thus, the visual cues provided by a conductor might serve to facilitate temporal anticipation and more synchronous movement in the general population, but might also cause rigid ancillary movements in some non-experts.
音乐呈现出一个关于动作 timing 的复杂情况，因为一到几十名音乐家要在短时间尺度上协调他们的行动。这个过程通常由一名指挥来引导，指挥会给出一个视觉节拍，并通过节奏变化来引导整个乐团。当前的实验测试了来自指挥手势的视觉线索对听觉 - 运动协调的影响方式，以及这种影响可能以两种方式表现出来：用于产生与音乐相关声音的动作，以及不直接影响声音输出的上半身动作。我们设计了一个虚拟指挥，它源自人类指挥的变形动作捕捉记录。两组参与者（29 名音乐家和 28 名非音乐家，以测试视觉 - 运动同步对非专家的普遍性）在完成一项需要与节奏变化的音乐序列同步的击鼓任务时，观看虚拟指挥、一个简单的视觉节拍器或一个静止的圆圈。我们测量了击鼓任务中的异步性和时间预期，以及使用动作捕捉测量参与者的上半身动作。击鼓结果表明，指挥通常通过促进对音乐节奏变化的预期来提高同步性。动作捕捉结果表明，指挥的视觉线索仅在非音乐家身上比其他两种视觉线索引发了更多结构化的头部动作。多元回归分析表明，动作较不僵硬且预期较高的非音乐家异步性较低。因此，指挥提供的视觉线索可能有助于促进一般人群中的时间预期和更同步的动作，但也可能在一些非专家身上导致僵硬的辅助动作。
