Nanomedicine: An Emerging Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Hemorrhagic stroke is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide due to a high rate of disability and mortality with few effective treatments. Recent advances in nanomedicines to promote hemostasis, drug delivery, neuroprotection, and nerve regeneration may provide insight into hemorrhagic stroke treatment. In this review, we first view the pathophysiology and conventional therapeutics of hemorrhagic stroke. Second, we comprehensively summarize the current nanomedicines applied in hemorrhagic stroke, including inorganic nanomaterials, polymer-based nanomaterials, lipid-based nanomaterials, self-assembling peptide-based hydrogel, exosomes, and gel systems. Finally, the challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives of nanomedicines for hemorrhagic stroke are discussed. Thus, this review promotes greater exploration of effective therapies for hemorrhagic stroke with nanomedicines.