Fraga Julia, Robledo Daniel
Centro de Investigación Y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV del IPN), Unidad Mérida, Departamentos de Ecología Humana Y Recursos del Mar, Carretera a Progreso Km. 6, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán México.
Marit Stud. 2022;21(2):159-171. doi: 10.1007/s40152-022-00267-0. Epub 2022 May 4.
When the COVID-19 pandemic reached the Mexican Caribbean in late March 2020, this world-renown tourist destination had already been struggling with influxes for 5 years. The nature and magnitude of these two impacts are not directly comparable, but both have contributed to profoundly transforming the region. As extreme COVID-19 containment measures were implemented nationwide, the tourism industry contracted by 98% as over 23 million visitors failed to arrive in 2020 and 400 daily flights stopped landing at Cancun Airport. accumulations on Caribbean beaches, and their collection, containment and removal had been a challenging socioeconomic issue in the Caribbean region years before the COVID-19 pandemic shut down the tourist industry. We explore Beck's concept of a risk society as an approach to these socioenvironmental impacts. We analyze five premises about risk society, combining them with a mainly ethnography methodology involving 61 informants. We present the results in terms of impacts. Using the concept of trajectory based on pandemic event chronology, we review the main stages of the pandemic during the research period (May to July 2020) and how the studied population worked to prevent virus infection and spread. We employ narratives to analyze risk perception both of the influx and the pandemic. The discussion highlights the importance of moving beyond nature/society dichotomies and dualisms. In summary, the profound transformations caused by these impacts provide a unique opportunity for the Mexican Caribbean to reconstitute itself in a way that encompasses the world risk society concept, perhaps in a more socially and environmentally resilient incarnation.
2020年3月下旬，当新冠疫情蔓延至墨西哥加勒比地区时，这个世界闻名的旅游胜地已经在应对游客涌入问题长达5年之久。这两种影响的性质和程度无法直接比较，但它们都深刻地改变了该地区。随着全国范围内实施极端的新冠疫情防控措施，旅游业萎缩了98%，因为2020年有超过2300万游客未能到访，且每天有400架航班停止在坎昆机场降落。在新冠疫情使旅游业停摆数年之前，加勒比海滩上的垃圾堆积以及对其的收集、控制和清除一直是加勒比地区一个具有挑战性的社会经济问题。我们探讨贝克的风险社会概念，以此作为应对这些社会环境影响的一种方法。我们分析了关于风险社会的五个前提，并将它们与一种主要涉及61名受访者的民族志方法相结合。我们从影响的角度呈现结果。利用基于疫情事件年表的轨迹概念，我们回顾了研究期间（2020年5月至7月）疫情的主要阶段，以及被研究人群如何努力预防病毒感染和传播。我们运用叙事来分析对游客涌入和疫情的风险认知。讨论强调了超越自然/社会二分法和二元论的重要性。总之，这些影响所带来的深刻变革为墨西哥加勒比地区提供了一个独特的机会，使其能够以一种包含世界风险社会概念的方式进行自我重构，或许是以一种在社会和环境方面更具复原力的形式。
