Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo - SUNY, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
J Periodontol. 2022 Nov;93(11):1635-1648. doi: 10.1002/JPER.22-0027. Epub 2022 Jun 20.
This study investigated the association between menopausal hormone therapy (HT) use and the subgingival microbiome, for which published information is limited.
This cross-sectional study included 1270 postmenopausal women, aged 53-81 years, who completed clinical examinations. Detailed information on HT use (type, delivery mode, duration) was obtained from questionnaires. HT use was categorized into three groups (never, former, current). 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on subgingival plaque samples obtained during dental examinations. Operational taxonomic units were centered log2-ratio (CLR) transformed to account for the compositional data structure. Analysis of variance was used to compare mean microbial relative abundances across HT categories with Benjamini-Hochberg correction.
Significantly higher alpha diversity (Shannon Index) and beta diversity (Aitchison distance) was observed in never compared with current HT users (p < 0.05, each). Of the total 245 microbial taxa identified, 18 taxa differed significantly among the three HT groups, 11 of which were higher in current users and seven of which were lower in current users as compared with never users (p < 0.05, each). Differences in relative abundance between never and current HT users were materially unchanged after adjustment for age, body mass index, and oral hygiene.
Relative abundance of several subgingival bacteria differed significantly between never and current HT users in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Additional studies are needed to determine the extent that these relationships might account for the previously reported inverse association between HT use and periodontal disease in older women.
本研究调查了绝经激素治疗（HT）使用与龈下微生物组之间的关联，目前对此类信息的了解有限。
本横断面研究纳入了 1270 名年龄在 53-81 岁之间的绝经后女性，她们完成了临床检查。详细的 HT 使用信息（类型、给药方式、持续时间）通过问卷获得。HT 使用分为三组（从未使用、曾经使用、当前使用）。在牙科检查期间从龈下斑块样本中提取 16S rRNA 进行测序。操作分类单元（OTU）进行对数 2 比值中心化（CLR）转换，以解释组成数据结构。方差分析用于比较 HT 类别之间的平均微生物相对丰度，并用 Benjamini-Hochberg 校正。
从未使用 HT 与当前使用 HT 的女性相比，alpha 多样性（Shannon 指数）和 beta 多样性（Aitchison 距离）显著更高（p<0.05，每个）。在总共鉴定的 245 个微生物分类群中，有 18 个分类群在三个 HT 组之间存在显著差异，其中 11 个在当前使用者中较高，7 个在当前使用者中较低，与从未使用者相比（p<0.05，每个）。在调整年龄、体重指数和口腔卫生后，从未使用 HT 与当前使用 HT 的女性之间的相对丰度差异基本保持不变。
在绝经后女性队列中，从未使用 HT 与当前使用 HT 的女性之间龈下细菌的相对丰度存在显著差异。需要进一步的研究来确定这些关系在多大程度上可以解释先前报道的 HT 使用与老年女性牙周病之间的反比关系。
