1 Departments of Oral Biology, and Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Microbiome Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
J Dent Res. 2019 Aug;98(9):975-984. doi: 10.1177/0022034519860449.
Understanding of the oral microbiome in relation to periodontal disease in older adults is limited. The composition and diversity of the subgingival microflora and their oligotypes in health and levels of periodontal disease were investigated in this study on older postmenopausal women. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform in 1,206 women aged 53 to 81 y. Presence and severity of periodontal disease were defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology criteria. Composition of the microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the abundance of taxa described by the centered log-ratio (CLR) transformed operational taxonomic unit (OTU) values. Differences according to periodontal disease status were determined by analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. Bacteria oligotypes associated with periodontal disease and health were determined by minimum entropy decomposition and their functions estimated in silico using PICRUSt. Prevalence of none/mild, moderate, and severe periodontal disease was 25.1%, 58.3%, and 16.6%, respectively. Alpha diversity of the microbiome differed significantly across the 3 periodontal disease categories. β-Diversity differed between no/mild and severe periodontal disease, although considerable overlap was noted. Of the 267 bacterial species identified at ≥0.02% abundance, 56 (20.9%) differed significantly in abundance according to periodontal disease status. Significant linear correlations for pocket depth and clinical attachment level with bacterial amounts were observed for several taxa. Of the taxa differing in abundance according to periodontal disease status, 53% had multiple oligotypes appearing to differ between none/mild and severe periodontal disease. Among older women, taxonomic differences in subgingival microbiome composition and diversity were observed in relation to clinical periodontal disease measures. Potential differences in bacterial subspecies (oligotypes) and their function were also identified in periodontal disease compared with health.
关于牙周病的老年人口腔微生物组的认识是有限的。本研究旨在探讨老年绝经后妇女的龈下微生物群及其寡型在健康和牙周病水平的组成和多样性。使用 Illumina MiSeq 平台对 1206 名年龄在 53 至 81 岁的女性进行了 16S rRNA 基因测序。根据疾病控制和预防中心/美国牙周病学会的标准定义了牙周病的存在和严重程度。通过 16S rRNA 扩增子测序确定微生物组的组成，并通过中心化对数比（CLR）转换的操作分类单元（OTU）值描述分类群的丰度。通过方差分析和 Bonferroni 校正确定了根据牙周病状况的差异。通过最小熵分解确定与牙周病和健康相关的细菌寡型，并使用 PICRUSt 估算其功能。无/轻度、中度和重度牙周病的患病率分别为 25.1%、58.3%和 16.6%。3 种牙周病类别的微生物组的α多样性差异显著。尽管存在很大的重叠，但无/轻度和重度牙周病之间的β多样性存在差异。在≥0.02%丰度下鉴定的 267 种细菌中，有 56 种（20.9%）根据牙周病状况的丰度差异显著。观察到几个分类群的口袋深度和临床附着水平与细菌量之间存在显著的线性相关性。根据牙周病状况丰度差异的分类群中，有 53%的分类群有多个寡型，似乎在无/轻度和重度牙周病之间存在差异。在老年女性中，龈下微生物组组成和多样性与临床牙周病测量指标有关。与健康相比，还鉴定了牙周病中细菌亚种（寡型）及其功能的潜在差异。
