Institute of Clinical Physiology-Milan, National Research Council (CNR), Italy.
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Milan, Italy.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Apr 30;2022:4430032. doi: 10.1155/2022/4430032. eCollection 2022.
Concordia Station is the permanent, research station on the Antarctic Plateau at 3230 m. During the eleventh winter-over campaign (DC11-2015; February 2015 to November 2015) at Antarctic Concordia Station, 13 healthy team members were studied and blood samples were collected at six different time points: baseline measurements (T0), performed at sea level before the departure, and during the campaign at 3, 7, 20, 90, and 300 days after arrival at Concordia Station. Reducing the partial pressure of O as barometric pressure falls, hypobaric hypoxia (HH) triggers several physiological adaptations. Among the others, increased oxidative stress and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), resulting in severe oxidative damage, were observed, which can share potential physiopathological mechanisms associated with many diseases. This study characterized the extent and time-course changes after acute and chronic HH exposure, elucidating possible fundamental mechanisms of adaptation. ROS, oxidative stress biomarkers, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased (range 24-135%) during acute and chronic hypoxia exposure (peak 20 day) with a decrease in antioxidant capacity (peak 90 day: -52%). Results suggest that the adaptive response of oxidative stress balance to HH requires a relatively long time, more than 300 days, as all the observed variables do not return to the preexposition level. These findings may also be relevant to patients in whom oxygen availability is limited through disease (i.e., chronic heart and lung and/or kidney disease) and/or during long-duration space missions.
康科迪亚站是南极高原上的永久性研究站，海拔 3230 米。在南极康科迪亚站的第十一次越冬活动（DC11-2015；2015 年 2 月至 2015 年 11 月）期间，对 13 名健康的队员进行了研究，并在六个不同时间点采集了血样：基线测量（T0），在出发前海平面上进行，以及在活动期间的 3、7、20、90 和 300 天到达康科迪亚站后。随着气压降低，氧气分压降低，导致低氧（HH）引发了多种生理适应。在其他适应中，观察到氧化应激增加和活性氧/氮物种（ROS/RNS）生成增强，导致严重的氧化损伤，这可能与许多疾病相关的潜在病理生理机制有关。本研究在急性和慢性 HH 暴露后，对其程度和时间过程的变化进行了特征描述，阐明了适应的可能基本机制。ROS、氧化应激生物标志物、一氧化氮和促炎细胞因子在急性和慢性低氧暴露期间显著增加（范围 24-135%）（峰值 20 天），抗氧化能力下降（峰值 90 天：-52%）。结果表明，HH 对氧化应激平衡的适应反应需要相对较长的时间，超过 300 天，因为所有观察到的变量都没有恢复到暴露前的水平。这些发现也可能与氧气供应因疾病（即慢性心肺和/或肾脏疾病）受限的患者以及/或在长时间太空任务中相关。
