Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias, Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
PLoS One. 2022 May 10;17(5):e0267278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267278. eCollection 2022.
With the recent occurrence of locally transmitted Aedes-borne viruses in the continental United States and Europe, and a lack of effective vaccines, new approaches to control Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are needed. In sub-tropical urban settings in the US, Ae. albopictus is a dominant nuisance and arbovirus vector species. Unfortunately, the vector control toolbox against Ae. albopictus is not as well developed as for Ae. aegypti. Here, we evaluate the efficacy, longevity, and range of protectiveness of a novel passive metofluthrin emanator (10% active ingredient in a polyethylene mesh) against Ae. albopictus indoors and outdoors.
Four studies were conducted comparing the presence of the metofluthrin emanator to a control lacking emanator with interest in quantifying efficacy by human landing counts. Studies evaluated the effect of an emanator at varying distances from one or more human volunteers indoors and outdoors. Efficacy of emanators over time since activation was also evaluated.
Mixed-effects models determined that sitting in close proximity to an emanator reduced landings by 89.5% outdoors and by 74.6% indoors. The emanator was determined protective when located immediately next to a human volunteer outdoors but not uniformly protective when located further away. The emanator was protective at all tested distances from the device indoors. Mortality of mosquitoes exposed to metofluthrin emanators was ~2x higher than those who were not exposed in indoor conditions. Finally, a Generalized Additive Model determined that emanators used continuously outdoors lost their effect after 2.5 weeks and stopped inducing paralysis in mosquitoes after 3.8 weeks of use.
We show strong and lasting efficacy of 10% metofluthrin emanators against field Ae. albopictus both in indoor and outdoor conditions. Metofluthrin emanators can protect people from Ae. albopictus bites, representing a viable option for reducing human-mosquito contacts at home and beyond.
随着近期美国和欧洲大陆出现本地传播的埃及伊蚊传播病毒，且缺乏有效的疫苗，因此需要新的方法来控制埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊。在美国亚热带城市环境中，白纹伊蚊是一种主要的滋扰和虫媒病毒传播物种。不幸的是，针对白纹伊蚊的病媒控制工具并不像针对埃及伊蚊那样完善。在这里，我们评估了一种新型被动型呋虫胺散发器（10%有效成分的聚乙烯网）对室内和室外白纹伊蚊的功效、持久性和保护范围。
进行了四项研究，比较了散发器与缺乏散发器的对照品对人类登陆计数量化功效的兴趣。研究评估了在室内和室外从一个或多个人类志愿者身上散发器在不同距离处的效果。还评估了散发器自激活以来随时间推移的功效。
混合效应模型确定，坐在散发器附近可使室外的登陆减少 89.5%，室内减少 74.6%。当散发器紧挨着户外的人类志愿者时，它被确定是有保护作用的，但当距离更远时则不是统一保护。当从设备室内的所有测试距离时，散发器都具有保护作用。在室内条件下，暴露于呋虫胺散发器的蚊子的死亡率比未暴露的蚊子高约 2 倍。最后，广义加性模型确定，户外连续使用的散发器在 2.5 周后失去效果，在使用 3.8 周后停止使蚊子瘫痪。
我们展示了 10%呋虫胺散发器在室内和室外条件下对野外白纹伊蚊的强大且持久的功效。呋虫胺散发器可以保护人们免受白纹伊蚊叮咬，是减少家庭内外与人蚊接触的可行选择。
