Krause B, Meyer T, Sieg H, Kästner C, Reichardt P, Tentschert J, Jungnickel H, Estrela-Lopis I, Burel A, Chevance S, Gauffre F, Jalili P, Meijer J, Böhmert L, Braeuning A, Thünemann A F, Emmerling F, Fessard V, Laux P, Lampen A, Luch A
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig Härtelstrasse 16-18 04275 Leipzig Germany.
RSC Adv. 2018 Apr 17;8(26):14377-14388. doi: 10.1039/c8ra00205c.
The application of appropriate analytical techniques is essential for nanomaterial (NM) characterization. In this study, we compared different analytical techniques for NM analysis. Regarding possible adverse health effects, ionic and particulate NM effects have to be taken into account. As NMs behave quite differently in physiological media, special attention was paid to techniques which are able to determine the biosolubility and complexation behavior of NMs. Representative NMs of similar size were selected: aluminum (Al) and aluminum oxide (AlO), to compare the behavior of metal and metal oxides. In addition, titanium dioxide (TiO) was investigated. Characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were evaluated with respect to their suitability for fast characterization of nanoparticle dispersions regarding a particle's hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution. By application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the single particle mode (SP-ICP-MS), individual nanoparticles were quantified and characterized regarding their size. SP-ICP-MS measurements were correlated with the information gained using other characterization techniques, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The particle surface as an important descriptor of NMs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). NM impurities and their co-localization with biomolecules were determined by ion beam microscopy (IBM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM). We conclude advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques applied and suggest options for their complementation. Thus, this paper may serve as a practical guide to particle characterization techniques.
应用合适的分析技术对于纳米材料（NM）的表征至关重要。在本研究中，我们比较了用于NM分析的不同分析技术。关于可能的健康不良影响，必须考虑离子型和颗粒型NM的影响。由于NM在生理介质中的行为差异很大，因此特别关注能够确定NM生物溶解度和络合行为的技术。选择了尺寸相似的代表性NM：铝（Al）和氧化铝（AlO），以比较金属和金属氧化物的行为。此外，还研究了二氧化钛（TiO）。对动态光散射（DLS）和纳米颗粒跟踪分析（NTA）等表征技术在快速表征纳米颗粒分散体的流体动力学直径和尺寸分布方面的适用性进行了评估。通过应用单颗粒模式电感耦合等离子体质谱（SP-ICP-MS）对单个纳米颗粒进行定量并表征其尺寸。SP-ICP-MS测量结果与使用其他表征技术（透射电子显微镜（TEM）和小角X射线散射（SAXS））获得的信息相关。通过X射线衍射（XRD）分析了作为NM重要描述符的颗粒表面。通过离子束显微镜（IBM）和共聚焦拉曼显微镜（CRM）确定了NM杂质及其与生物分子的共定位。我们总结了所应用的不同技术的优缺点，并提出了它们互补的方案。因此，本文可作为颗粒表征技术的实用指南。
