Earnshaw Valerie A, Watson Ryan J, Eaton Lisa A, Brousseau Natalie M, Laurenceau Jean-Philippe, Fox Annie B
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA.
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA.
Nat Rev Psychol. 2022;1(4):236-247. doi: 10.1038/s44159-022-00034-2. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
Stigma changes over time: it waxes and wanes through history, is manifested within humans who develop over time and is tied to statuses (such as attributes, illnesses and identities) that have varying courses. Despite the inherent fluidity of stigma, theories, research and interventions typically treat associations between stigma and health as stagnant. Consequently, the literature provides little insight into when experiences of stigma are most harmful to health and when stigma interventions should be implemented. In this Perspective, we argue that integrating time into stigma research can accelerate progress towards understanding and intervening in associations between stigma and health inequities. We situate time in relation to key concepts in stigma research, identify three timescales that are relevant for understanding stigma (historical context, human development and status course), and outline a time-based research agenda to improve scientists' ability to understand and address stigma to improve health.
它在历史进程中起伏不定，体现在随时间成长的个体身上，并与具有不同发展历程的身份特征（如特质、疾病和身份认同）相关联。尽管耻辱感具有内在的流动性，但理论、研究和干预措施通常将耻辱感与健康之间的关联视为固定不变的。因此，现有文献对于耻辱感体验何时对健康危害最大以及何时应实施耻辱感干预措施几乎没有提供任何见解。在本观点文章中，我们认为将时间因素纳入耻辱感研究能够加速在理解和干预耻辱感与健康不平等之间的关联方面取得进展。我们阐述了时间与耻辱感研究中的关键概念的关系，确定了与理解耻辱感相关的三个时间尺度（历史背景、个体发展和身份历程），并概述了一个基于时间的研究议程，以提高科学家理解和应对耻辱感以改善健康状况的能力。
