Taylor E, Schachar R, Thorley G, Wieselberg H M, Everitt B, Rutter M
Psychol Med. 1987 Feb;17(1):121-43. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700013039.
Thirty-eight boys, referred for psychiatric treatment because of serious problems of behaviour, underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate and placebo. Methylphenidate was an effective treatment over a 3-week period. A good response to methylphenidate was predicted by higher levels of inattentive and restless behaviour, impaired performance on tests of attention, clumsiness, younger age and by the absence of symptoms of overt emotional disorder. DSM-III and ICD-9 diagnoses of 'hyperactivity' were not good predictors. The results support the validity of a construct of hyperactivity in describing childhood psychopathology, but emphasize the need for a refinement of diagnostic criteria.
38名因严重行为问题而接受精神科治疗的男孩，参与了一项哌甲酯与安慰剂的双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉试验。在为期3周的时间里，哌甲酯是一种有效的治疗方法。注意力不集中和多动行为水平较高、注意力测试表现受损、动作笨拙、年龄较小以及没有明显情绪障碍症状，这些因素预示着对哌甲酯有良好反应。《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III）和《国际疾病分类》第九版（ICD-9）对“多动”的诊断并不是很好的预测指标。研究结果支持了多动这一概念在描述儿童精神病理学方面的有效性，但强调了完善诊断标准的必要性。
