Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Institut Gustave Roussy, Batiment de Médecine Moléculaire, Villejuif, France.
J Exp Med. 2022 Jul 4;219(7). doi: 10.1084/jem.20211948. Epub 2022 May 11.
The obesity epidemic has led researchers and clinicians to reconsider the etiology of this disease and precisely decipher its molecular mechanisms. The excessive accumulation of fat by cells, most notably adipocytes, which play a key role in this process, has many repercussions in tissue physiology. Herein, we focus on how macrophages, immune cells well known for their tissue gatekeeping functions, assume fundamental, yet ill-defined, roles in the genesis and development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. We first discuss the determinants of the biology of these cells before introducing the specifics of the adipose tissue environment, while highlighting its heterogeneity. Finally, we detail how obesity transforms both adipose tissue and local macrophage populations. Understanding macrophage diversity and their cross talk with the diverse cell types constituting the adipose tissue environment will allow us to frame the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity.
肥胖症的流行促使研究人员和临床医生重新考虑这种疾病的病因，并准确破译其分子机制。细胞（尤其是脂肪细胞）中脂肪的过度积累在组织生理学中产生了许多影响。在这里，我们专注于巨噬细胞——以其组织监管功能而闻名的免疫细胞——如何在肥胖相关代谢紊乱的发生和发展中发挥基本但尚未明确的作用。我们首先讨论了这些细胞生物学的决定因素，然后介绍了脂肪组织环境的具体情况，同时强调了其异质性。最后，我们详细描述了肥胖症如何改变脂肪组织和局部巨噬细胞群体。了解巨噬细胞的多样性及其与构成脂肪组织环境的不同细胞类型的相互作用，将使我们能够确定脂肪组织巨噬细胞在肥胖症中的治疗潜力。
