Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2022 Jul 22;86(8):967-973. doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbac066.
Bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are spherical nanoparticles that are mainly composed of lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids, and outer membrane proteins. OMVs play critical biological roles in stress responses, microbial communication, and bacteria-host interactions. Additionally, they hold great potential for biotechnological applications because of their versatile function in molecular transport while protecting the endogenous substances. While OMVs have been considered lipid monolamellar vesicles for several decades, recent studies have shown that membrane vesicles (MVs) with multiple lipid bilayers, including outer-inner membrane vesicles, multilamellar vesicles, and multivesicular vesicles, are also produced by Gram-negative bacteria. Some internal vesicles contain cytoplasmic components such as DNA and thus function as organelle-like structures within MVs. This review provides recent findings regarding the biogenesis and properties of MVs with complex structures.
细菌产生的外膜囊泡（OMVs）是一种主要由脂多糖、磷脂和外膜蛋白组成的球形纳米颗粒。OMVs 在应激反应、微生物通讯和细菌-宿主相互作用中发挥着关键的生物学作用。此外，由于它们在分子运输过程中具有多功能性，同时保护内源性物质，因此在外层-内层膜囊泡、多层囊泡和多泡囊泡等具有多个脂质双层的膜囊泡（MVs）也被发现由革兰氏阴性菌产生后，它们在生物技术应用中具有很大的潜力。虽然几十年来一直认为 OMVs 是脂质单分子层囊泡，但最近的研究表明，具有复杂结构的 MV 也能产生具有多个脂质双层的膜囊泡，包括外-内膜囊泡、多层囊泡和多泡囊泡。一些内部囊泡包含细胞质成分，如 DNA，因此在 MV 中充当细胞器样结构。本综述提供了关于具有复杂结构的 MV 的生物发生和特性的最新发现。
