Environmental Chemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Duebendorf 8600, Switzerland.
Environmental Chemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Duebendorf 8600, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
Water Res. 2022 Jun 30;218:118514. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118514. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of persistent legacy contaminants have been intensively characterized, but little is known on the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in freshwater food webs. Herein, we comprehensively screened CECs with a focus on polar substances and further evaluated their trophic transfer behavior in selected items from the food web of Lake Templin, Germany. Weselected one plankton, two mussel, and nine fish samples covering three trophic levels. With an effective multi-residue sample preparation method and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based target, suspect, and non-target screening, we characterized 477 targets and further screened unknown features in complex biota matrices. Of the 477 targets, 145 were detected and quantified in at least one species (0.02-3640 ng/g, dry weight). Additionally, the suspect and non-target analysis with experimental mass spectra libraries and in silico techniques (MetFrag and SIRIUS4/CSI:FingerID) enabled further identification of 27 unknown compounds with 19 confirmed by reference standards. Overall, the detected compounds belong to a diverse group of chemicals, including 71 pharmaceuticals, 27 metabolites, 26 pesticides, 16 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), 4 plasticizers, 3 flame retardants, 11 other industrial chemicals and 14 others. Moreover, we determined the trophic magnification factor (TMF) of 34 polar CECs with >80% detection frequency, among which 6 PFASs including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), exhibited biomagnification potential (TMF =1.8 - 4.2, p < 0.05), whereas 5 pharmaceuticals (phenazone, progesterone, venlafaxine, levamisole, and lidocaine) and 1 personal care product metabolite (galaxolidone) showed biodilution potential (TMF = 0.4 - 0.6, p < 0.05).
生物蓄积和持久性遗留污染物的营养转移已得到深入研究，但关于淡水食物网中新兴关注污染物（CECs）的了解甚少。在此，我们全面筛选了 CECs，重点是极性物质，并进一步评估了它们在德国坦普林湖食物网选定项目中的营养转移行为。我们选择了一个浮游生物、两个贻贝和九个鱼类样本，涵盖了三个营养水平。采用有效的多残留样品制备方法和基于高分辨率质谱的目标、可疑和非目标筛选，我们对 477 个目标进行了特征描述，并进一步筛选了复杂生物基质中的未知特征。在 477 个目标中，有 145 个在至少一种物种中被检测到并定量（0.02-3640ng/g，干重）。此外，通过实验质谱库和基于计算机的技术（MetFrag 和 SIRIUS4/CSI:FingerID）进行可疑和非目标分析，进一步鉴定了 27 种未知化合物，其中 19 种通过参考标准得到确认。总的来说，检测到的化合物属于化学物质的多样化群体，包括 71 种药物、27 种代谢物、26 种农药、16 种全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）、4 种增塑剂、3 种阻燃剂、11 种其他工业化学品和 14 种其他化学品。此外，我们确定了 34 种具有>80%检测频率的极性 CECs 的营养放大因子（TMF），其中包括全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟癸酸（PFDA）、全氟己基磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟十三烷酸（PFTrA）、全氟十四烷酸（PFTeA）和全氟十一烷酸（PFUnA）在内的 6 种 PFASs，表现出生物放大潜力（TMF=1.8-4.2，p<0.05），而 5 种药物（非那西丁、孕酮、文拉法辛、左旋咪唑和利多卡因）和 1 种个人护理产品代谢物（ galaxolidone）表现出生物稀释潜力（TMF=0.4-0.6，p<0.05）。
