Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
Theranostics. 2022 Mar 28;12(7):3045-3056. doi: 10.7150/thno.72126. eCollection 2022.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are associated with the accumulation of a range of misfolded proteins across the central nervous system and related autoimmune responses, including the generation of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. Both innate and adaptive immunity become mobilized, leading to cellular and humoral effects. The role of humoral immunity in disease onset and progression remains to be elucidated with rising evidence suggestive of positive (protection, repair) and negative (injury, toxicity) outcomes. In this study, we review advances in research of neuron-targeting autoantibodies in the most prevalent NDDs. We discuss their biological origin, molecular diversity and changes in the course of diseases, consider their relevance to the initiation and progression of pathology as well as diagnostic and prognostic significance. It is suggested that the emerging autoimmune aspects of NDDs not only could facilitate the early detection but also might help to elucidate previously unknown facets of pathobiology with relevance to the development of precision medicine.
神经退行性疾病（NDDs）与中枢神经系统中一系列错误折叠蛋白的积累以及相关的自身免疫反应有关，包括抗体的产生和免疫细胞的激活。先天免疫和适应性免疫都被动员起来，导致细胞和体液效应。体液免疫在疾病发病和进展中的作用仍有待阐明，越来越多的证据表明其具有积极（保护、修复）和消极（损伤、毒性）作用。在这项研究中，我们综述了最常见的 NDD 中针对神经元的自身抗体研究的进展。我们讨论了它们的生物学起源、分子多样性以及在疾病过程中的变化，考虑了它们与病理学的起始和进展以及诊断和预后意义的相关性。有研究表明，NDD 不断出现的自身免疫方面不仅可以促进早期检测，而且还可能有助于阐明与精准医学发展相关的以前未知的病理生物学方面。
