Institute of Psychology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany.
Darmstadt Children's Hospital Princess Margaret, Darmstadt, Germany.
Crisis. 2023 Jul;44(4):276-284. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000862. Epub 2022 May 12.
Although suicide prevention programs have been shown to change suicide-related knowledge and attitudes, relatively little is known about their effects on actual behavior. Therefore, the focus of the present study was on improving participating school staff's practical and communication skills. Suicide prevention workshops for students in grades 8-10 ( = 200) and a gatekeeper training program for school staff ( = 150) were conducted in 12 secondary schools in Germany. Schools were alternately assigned to one of three interventions (staff, students, or both trained) or to a waitlist control group. School staff undergoing the training showed increased action-related knowledge, greater self-efficacy when counseling students in need and augmented counseling skills, and also had more conversations with students in need. Although students participating in the workshops did not seek help more frequently, they provided help to their peers more often in the conditions in which both students and school staff or only the latter had been trained. The generalizability of the results is constrained by high dropout rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the relatively small sample size. A combination of suicide prevention programs for school staff and students appears to be most effective.
尽管预防自杀计划已被证明可以改变与自杀相关的知识和态度，但对于它们对实际行为的影响，我们知之甚少。因此，本研究的重点是提高参与学校工作人员的实践和沟通技能。在德国的 12 所中学中，对 8-10 年级的学生（=200 人）进行了预防自杀工作坊，对学校工作人员进行了门房培训计划（=150 人）。学校被交替分配到三个干预措施之一（工作人员、学生或两者都接受培训）或等待名单对照组。接受培训的学校工作人员表现出了与行动相关的知识的增加、在辅导有需要的学生时的自信心增强和咨询技能的提高，并且还与更多有需要的学生进行了对话。尽管参加工作坊的学生没有更频繁地寻求帮助，但在培训了学生和学校工作人员或仅培训后者的情况下，他们更频繁地为同龄人提供帮助。由于 COVID-19 大流行和样本量相对较小，研究结果的普遍性受到限制。预防自杀计划结合学校工作人员和学生的培训似乎最有效。
