Milbank Charlotte, Vira Bhaskar
Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Lancet Planet Health. 2022 May;6(5):e439-e448. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00064-X.
Zoonotic diseases are estimated to constitute 75% of all emerging infectious diseases, of which more than 70% come from wild species. The potential threat of zoonotic spillover from the consumption of wildmeat has been the subject of policy and media attention, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about the actual conditions that contribute to the risk of spillover and associated disease transmission. In this Review, we compile existing evidence from available literature on the conditions of spillover associated with wildmeat consumption, including the types of wild animal and disease, modes of transmission, and the conditions in which spillover is thought to have occurred. We suggest that stronger understanding of the context of spillover from wildmeat is needed to enable more targeted and effective policy responses that reduce the risk of future pandemics of zoonotic origin. Such interventions could also lead to the avoidance of unintended adverse consequences for human communities that rely on wild produce, including wildmeat, as sources of dietary protein, fat, and micronutrients.
据估计，人畜共患疾病占所有新出现传染病的75%，其中70%以上来自野生动物。食用野生动物导致人畜共患疾病溢出的潜在威胁一直是政策和媒体关注的焦点，尤其是在新冠疫情背景下；然而，对于导致溢出风险和相关疾病传播的实际情况，我们知之甚少。在本综述中，我们汇编了现有文献中关于与食用野生动物相关的溢出情况的证据，包括野生动物和疾病的类型、传播方式以及被认为发生溢出的条件。我们建议，需要更深入地了解野生动物溢出的背景情况，以便能够采取更有针对性和更有效的政策应对措施，降低未来人畜共患起源大流行的风险。此类干预措施还可避免对依赖野生产品（包括野生动物肉）作为膳食蛋白质、脂肪和微量营养素来源的人类社区造成意外的不良后果。
