Cheng Xiaota, Liu Yi-Tao, Si Yang, Yu Jianyong, Ding Bin
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Nat Commun. 2022 May 12;13(1):2637. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30435-z.
Ceramic aerogels are attractive for many applications due to their ultralow density, high porosity, and multifunctionality but are limited by the typical trade-off relationship between mechanical properties and thermal stability when used in extreme environments. In this work, we design and synthesize ceramic nanofibrous aerogels with three-dimensional (3D) interwoven crimped-nanofibre structures that endow the aerogels with superior mechanical performances and high thermal stability. These ceramic aerogels are synthesized by a direct and facile route, 3D reaction electrospinning. They display robust structural stability with structure-derived mechanical ultra-stretchability up to 100% tensile strain and superior restoring capacity up to 40% tensile strain, 95% bending strain and 60% compressive strain, high thermal stability from -196 to 1400 °C, repeatable stretchability at working temperatures up to 1300 °C, and a low thermal conductivity of 0.0228 W m K in air. This work would enable the innovative design of high-performance ceramic aerogels for various applications.
陶瓷气凝胶因其超低密度、高孔隙率和多功能性而在许多应用中具有吸引力，但在极端环境中使用时，其机械性能和热稳定性之间典型的权衡关系限制了它们的应用。在这项工作中，我们设计并合成了具有三维（3D）交织卷曲纳米纤维结构的陶瓷纳米纤维气凝胶，这种结构赋予了气凝胶优异的机械性能和高热稳定性。这些陶瓷气凝胶通过一种直接且简便的方法——3D反应静电纺丝合成。它们表现出强大的结构稳定性，具有源自结构的机械超拉伸性，拉伸应变高达100%，恢复能力优异，拉伸应变高达40%、弯曲应变高达95%、压缩应变高达60%，在-196至1400°C范围内具有高热稳定性，在高达1300°C的工作温度下具有可重复拉伸性，在空气中的热导率低至0.0228 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹。这项工作将为各种应用的高性能陶瓷气凝胶的创新设计提供可能。
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