Barceló Prats Josep, Lanero Táboas Daniel
Soc Hist Med. 2022 Jan 3;35(2):661-681. doi: 10.1093/shm/hkab126. eCollection 2022 May.
The aim of this article is to explain the situation of the Spanish hospital system during the twentieth century and to analyse the reasons why the difficulties that a significant part of the Spanish population, resident in rural areas, had to access hospital services during the Franco dictatorship were perpetuated. The first section uses a conceptual perspective to discuss the repercussions that the new medical significance of the hospital had for the notion of 'rural hospital'. The second section examines the projects for hospital modernisation that appeared before the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and highlights what impeded the consolidation of these pioneering experiences in the country. The following section analyses the hospital situation in Spain's rural world as well as the profound changes that occurred during the last decades of the dictatorship, just on the threshold of the health reform that was finally implemented in the democratic period.
本文旨在阐释20世纪西班牙医院系统的状况，并分析在佛朗哥独裁统治时期，居住在农村地区的很大一部分西班牙民众在获取医院服务时所面临的困难为何长期存在的原因。第一部分从概念层面探讨医院新的医学意义对“农村医院”概念的影响。第二部分审视西班牙内战（1936 - 1939年）之前出现的医院现代化项目，并着重指出阻碍这些开创性经验在该国得到巩固的因素。接下来的部分分析西班牙农村地区的医院状况，以及在独裁统治的最后几十年里，就在民主时期最终实施的医疗改革前夕所发生的深刻变化。
