Ni Guodong, Lv Lei, Wang Shaobo, Miao Xinyue, Fang Yaqi, Liu Qing
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China.
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 26;13:888060. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888060. eCollection 2022.
Construction workers' unsafe behavior is a major cause of safety accidents and injuries, therefore, a profound understanding of the formation process and evolution laws about construction workers' unsafe behavior is conducive to taking measures to prevent incidents. At present, the new generation of construction workers (NGCWs) born after 1980 are gradually becoming the main force at construction sites in China. Given that generational differences of construction workers can cause the discrepancies in their thoughts and attitudes when engaging in safety-related activities, this study aims to investigate the formation mechanism and dynamic evolution laws about NGCWs' unsafe behavior based on the context of China's construction industry. From the perspective of behavior motivation, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 NGCWs and 7 grassroots managers were conducted, and data analysis followed a three-step coding process based on grounded theory. Through continuous comparison, abstraction and analysis, the stimulus-organism-response theory was introduced and expanded to construct a three-stage formation mechanism model. On this basis, the causal diagram and stock flow diagram were developed based on system dynamics principles to reflect the dynamic feedback relationships of the factors in the static formation mechanism model, and simulation was carried out using Vensim PLE software. The results show that three types of internal needs and three types of external incentives stimulate corresponding motivations for NGCWs' unsafe behavior. Two types of individual factors, five types of situational factors and behavior result play an influencing role in the decision-making process of externalizing motivation into behavior. Under the synergistic effect of multiple factors, the level of unsafe behavior displays a downward trend, and the rate of decrease is slow first and then fast. Furthermore, among individual factors and situational factors, safety awareness and safety management system have the most significant effect on the level of unsafe behavior, while situational factors play a more obvious role. The findings can provide theoretical support and practical references to China's construction companies and government departments for the purpose of improving NGCWs' unsafe behavior.
建筑工人的不安全行为是安全事故和伤害的主要原因，因此，深入了解建筑工人不安全行为的形成过程和演变规律，有利于采取措施预防事故。目前，1980年后出生的新一代建筑工人（NGCWs）正逐渐成为中国建筑工地的主力军。鉴于建筑工人的代际差异会导致他们在参与安全相关活动时思想和态度的差异，本研究旨在基于中国建筑业背景，探讨NGCWs不安全行为的形成机制和动态演变规律。从行为动机的角度，对18名NGCWs和7名基层管理人员进行了深入的半结构化访谈，并基于扎根理论采用三步编码过程进行数据分析。通过不断比较、抽象和分析，引入并扩展了刺激-机体-反应理论，构建了一个三阶段形成机制模型。在此基础上，根据系统动力学原理绘制因果图和存量流图，以反映静态形成机制模型中各因素的动态反馈关系，并使用Vensim PLE软件进行模拟。结果表明，三种类型的内部需求和三种类型的外部激励刺激了NGCWs不安全行为的相应动机。两种类型的个体因素、五种类型的情境因素和行为结果在将外部动机转化为行为的决策过程中发挥影响作用。在多种因素的协同作用下，不安全行为水平呈下降趋势，下降速率先慢后快。此外，在个体因素和情境因素中，安全意识和安全管理体系对不安全行为水平的影响最为显著，而情境因素的作用更为明显。研究结果可为中国建筑公司和政府部门改善NGCWs的不安全行为提供理论支持和实践参考。
