Bailles Anaïs, Gehrels Emily W, Lecuit Thomas
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM - UMR7288), and Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Oct 6;38:321-347. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-095337. Epub 2022 May 13.
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. Mathematical frameworks have been devised to account for the self-organization of biological patterns, most famously the Turing framework. Patterns can be defined in space, for example, to form stripes; in time, such as during oscillations; or both, to form traveling waves. The formation of these patterns can have different origins: purely chemical, purely mechanical, or a combination of the two. Beyond the variety of molecular implementations of such patterns, we emphasize the unitary principles associated with them, across scales in space and time, within a general mechanochemical framework. We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. Our goal is to convey a picture of pattern formation that draws attention to the principles rather than solely to specific molecular mechanisms.
模式在生命系统中无处不在，是细胞、组织和胚胎动态组织的基础。人们已经设计出数学框架来解释生物模式的自组织，最著名的是图灵框架。模式可以在空间中定义，例如形成条纹；在时间中定义，比如在振荡过程中；或者在时空两者中定义，以形成行波。这些模式的形成可以有不同的起源：纯粹化学的、纯粹机械的，或者两者的结合。除了此类模式的各种分子实现方式之外，我们强调在一般机械化学框架内，跨越时空尺度与它们相关的统一原理。我们举例说明这种模式形成机制在从细胞到组织尺度的生物系统中何处出现，重点是形态发生。我们的目标是描绘一幅模式形成的图景，它关注的是原理而非仅仅是特定的分子机制。
