Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, Strada Statale 17 Loc. Boschetto di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 28;23(9):4919. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094919.
Research in science and medicine is witnessing a massive increases in literature concerning extracellular vesicles (EVs). From a morphological point of view, EVs include extracellular vesicles of a micro and nano sizes. However, this simplistic classification does not consider both the source of EVs, including the cells and the species from which Evs are obtained, and the microenvironmental condition during EV production. These two factors are of crucial importance for the potential use of Evs as therapeutic agents. In fact, the choice of the most suitable Evs for drug delivery remains an open debate, inasmuch as the use of Evs of human origin may have at least two major problems: (i) autologous Evs from a patient may deliver dangerous molecules; and (ii) the production of EVs is also limited to cell factory conditions for large-scale industrial use. Recent literature, while limited to only a few papers, when compared to the papers on the use of human EVs, suggests that plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNV) may represent a valuable tool for extensive use in health care.
科学和医学领域的研究见证了大量关于细胞外囊泡（EVs）的文献增长。从形态学的角度来看，EVs 包括微纳米大小的细胞外囊泡。然而，这种简单的分类并没有考虑到 EVs 的来源，包括产生 EVs 的细胞和物种，以及 EV 产生过程中的微环境条件。这两个因素对于 EV 作为治疗剂的潜在用途至关重要。事实上，选择最适合药物输送的 EV 仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，因为使用源自人类的 EV 可能至少存在两个主要问题：(i) 来自患者的自体 EV 可能会传递危险分子；(ii) EV 的生产也仅限于细胞工厂条件，无法大规模工业使用。与关于人类 EVs 使用的论文相比，尽管最近的文献仅限于少数几篇论文，但表明植物来源的纳米囊泡（PDNV）可能代表着在医疗保健中广泛使用的有价值的工具。
