Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 4;23(9):5122. doi: 10.3390/ijms23095122.
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are common intracranial neoplasms. While in case of hormone secreting tumors pituitary hormone measurements can be used for monitoring the disease, in non-functional tumors there is a need to discover non-invasive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are popular biomarker candidates due to their stability and tissue specificity. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have been investigated the most in pituitary tumor tissues and in circulation. However, it is still not known whether ncRNAs are originated from the pituitary, or whether they are casually involved in the pathophysiology. Additionally, there is strong diversity among different studies reporting ncRNAs in PitNET. Therefore, to provide an overview of the discrepancies between published studies and to uncover the reasons why despite encouraging experimental data application of ncRNAs in clinical routine has not yet taken hold, in this review available data are summarized on circulating ncRNAs in PitNET. The data on circulating miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are organized according to different PitNET subtypes. Biological (physiological and pathophysiological) factors behind intra- and interindividual variability and technical aspects of detecting these markers, including preanalytical and analytical parameters, sample acquisition (venipuncture) and type, storage, nucleic acid extraction, quantification and normalization, which reveal the two sides of the same coin are discussed.
垂体神经内分泌肿瘤（PitNET）是常见的颅内肿瘤。在激素分泌性肿瘤的情况下，可以使用垂体激素测量来监测疾病，但在无功能性肿瘤中，需要发现非侵入性的生物标志物。由于其稳定性和组织特异性，非编码 RNA（ncRNA）是很受欢迎的生物标志物候选物。在垂体肿瘤组织和循环中，miRNA、lncRNA 和 circRNA 研究最多。然而，目前尚不清楚 ncRNA 是来自垂体，还是偶然参与病理生理学。此外，不同研究报告 PitNET 中的 ncRNA 存在很大差异。因此，为了概述已发表研究之间的差异，并揭示尽管实验数据令人鼓舞，但 ncRNA 在临床常规中的应用尚未普及的原因，在本综述中，总结了关于 PitNET 中循环 ncRNA 的现有数据。根据不同的 PitNET 亚型，对循环 miRNA、lncRNA 和 circRNA 的数据进行了组织。讨论了个体内和个体间变异性的生物学（生理和病理生理）因素以及检测这些标志物的技术方面，包括分析前和分析参数、样本采集（静脉穿刺）和类型、储存、核酸提取、定量和归一化，揭示了同一枚硬币的两面。
