Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (LAAS-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVT, 31100 Toulouse, France.
Cells. 2022 Apr 20;11(9):1394. doi: 10.3390/cells11091394.
Compared to cell suspensions or monolayers, 3D cell aggregates provide cellular interactions organized in space and heterogeneity that better resume the real organization of native tissues. They represent powerful tools to narrow down the gap between in vitro and in vivo models, thanks to their self-evolving capabilities. Recent strategies have demonstrated their potential as building blocks to generate microtissues. Developing specific methodologies capable of organizing these cell aggregates into 3D architectures and environments has become essential to convert them into functional microtissues adapted for regenerative medicine or pharmaceutical screening purposes. Although the techniques for producing individual cell aggregates have been on the market for over a decade, the methodology for engineering functional tissues starting from them is still a young and quickly evolving field of research. In this review, we first present a panorama of emerging cell aggregates microfabrication and assembly technologies. We further discuss the perspectives opened in the establishment of functional tissues with a specific focus on controlled architecture and heterogeneity to favor cell differentiation and proliferation.
与细胞悬浮液或单层细胞相比，3D 细胞聚集体提供了在空间上组织良好的细胞相互作用和异质性，更好地模拟了天然组织的真实结构。由于其自我进化的能力，它们是缩小体外和体内模型之间差距的有力工具。最近的策略已经证明了它们作为构建块生成微组织的潜力。开发能够将这些细胞聚集体组织成 3D 结构和环境的特定方法已成为将其转化为适用于再生医学或药物筛选目的的功能性微组织的关键。尽管生产单个细胞聚集体的技术已经问世十多年，但从这些细胞聚集体开始构建功能性组织的方法仍然是一个年轻且快速发展的研究领域。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了新兴的细胞聚集体微制造和组装技术的全景图。我们进一步讨论了在建立功能性组织方面开辟的前景，特别关注控制架构和异质性以促进细胞分化和增殖。
