Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 19;19(9):4938. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19094938.
Due to the growing engagement of youth in water polo practice, we aimed to characterize age-grouped players across anthropometric, general and specific motor abilities and contextual domains. We have also examined the associations of players' specific skills with their anthropometric and general motor characteristics. One-hundred-and-one male water polo players, grouped into 12-, 13- and 14-year age cohorts were recruited. One-way ANOVA explained age-cohort variance, and a multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between variables. The variance in cohorts was explained by arm span (25%), stature, hand breadth and length (17%) fat-free mass (18%), 20 m sprint (16%), sit-ups (18%), medicine ball throw (27%), anaerobic (31%) and aerobic performance (21%), change of direction (18%), and in-water vertical jump (14%). The variance of in-water vertical jump, 10 m sprint, change of direction and aerobic fitness for players' anthropometric characteristics were, 32, 25, 14 and 10% (respectively). The players' upper-limb explosive power explained 30, 22 and 17% of variance for in-water vertical jump, 10 m sprint and aerobic fitness, respectively. Body mass had an inverse, and arm span had a direct association with in-water vertical jump and swim velocity capability, arm span had an inverse and direct association with change of direction and aerobic fitness, respectively. The upper limbs' explosive power related directly to in-water vertical jump and aerobic fitness skills, but inversely with 10 m sprint scores.
由于越来越多的年轻人参与水球练习，我们旨在描述按年龄分组的运动员在人体测量学、一般和特定运动能力以及背景领域的特征。我们还研究了运动员特定技能与其人体测量学和一般运动特征之间的关联。招募了 101 名男性水球运动员，分为 12 岁、13 岁和 14 岁年龄组。单因素方差分析解释了年龄组的差异，多元线性回归用于评估变量之间的关联。臂展（25%）、身高、手宽和手长（17%）去脂体重（18%）、20 米冲刺（16%）、仰卧起坐（18%）、药球投掷（27%）、无氧（31%）和有氧表现（21%）、变向能力（18%）和水中垂直跳跃（14%）解释了队列之间的差异。水中垂直跳跃、10 米冲刺、变向能力和运动员的人体测量特征的有氧适能的方差分别为 32%、25%、14%和 10%。运动员的上肢爆发力分别解释了水中垂直跳跃、10 米冲刺和有氧适能的 30%、22%和 17%的方差。体重与水中垂直跳跃和游泳速度能力呈负相关，臂展与水中垂直跳跃和有氧适能呈负相关，与变向能力呈正相关。上肢爆发力与水中垂直跳跃和有氧适能技能呈直接相关，与 10 米冲刺成绩呈负相关。
