University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland.
Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 27;19(9):5305. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095305.
The main factors that determine the effectiveness and reliability of duties and tasks performed by border guard officers, are very good health and maintaining a high level of psychophysical fitness that depend mainly on adequate diet and physical activity and thus, nutritional status. The aim of the study was to verify the correlations between dietary habits, physical activity level and selected nutritional status indicators. One hundred and sixty-nine male border guard officers participated in the study. A 61-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary habits and a long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity. Fat mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bone calcification was assessed by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Many correlations between dietary habits, as well as the physical activity of officers and body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and visceral fat level (VFL) were found, while bone mineral density (BMD T-score) negatively correlated only with two food groups and 6 out of 61 products but did not correlate with physical activity. The results also confirmed many poor dietary habits and abnormalities in nutritional status. Thus, there is a need for nutritional education and further monitoring of health-related behaviors, as well as monitoring the nutritional status of border guard officers.
决定边防卫士履行职责和完成任务的效果和可靠性的主要因素是非常良好的健康状况和保持较高的身心适应能力，这主要取决于充足的饮食和身体活动，因此，营养状况也起着重要作用。本研究的目的是验证饮食习惯、身体活动水平与选定营养状况指标之间的相关性。169 名男性边防卫士参加了这项研究。采用 61 项食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食习惯，采用长式国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）评估身体活动。通过生物电阻抗分析（BIA）确定脂肪质量，通过双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）评估骨钙化程度。研究人员发现，边防卫士的饮食习惯以及身体活动与身体质量指数（BMI）、脂肪质量指数（FMI）和内脏脂肪水平（VFL）之间存在许多相关性，而骨矿物质密度（BMD T 评分）仅与两组食物和 61 种产品中的 6 种呈负相关，与身体活动没有相关性。研究结果还证实了许多不良的饮食习惯和营养状况异常。因此，需要进行营养教育，并进一步监测与健康相关的行为，以及监测边防卫士的营养状况。
