College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 27;19(9):5315. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095315.
Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1997 to 2015, this paper studies the impacts of urbanization on carbon emission. We use the entropy weight method to measure the weight of the indicator to evaluate four-dimensional urbanizations, including population, economic, consumption and living urbanization. In addition, we investigated the spatial correlation of carbon emissions, taking the spatial differences into consideration. The spatial Durbin model is finally selected to analyze the impacts of urbanizations on carbon emission. The conclusions are: Firstly, from the results of the panel data model, the four dimensions of urbanization all play a significant role in promoting carbon emissions in the whole regions. However, in eastern China, central China and western China, four dimensions of urbanization have different impacts on carbon emissions. Secondly, from Moran's I of carbon emissions from 1997 to 2015 in China, we conclude that carbon emissions in China present a significant spatial aggregation. Thirdly, from the results of spatial econometrics model, population urbanization only promotes local carbon emissions. Economic urbanization and consumption urbanization promote local carbon emissions and reduce carbon emissions in its neighboring provinces. Living urbanization promotes both local carbon emissions and its neighboring provinces' carbon emissions. This paper proposes some recommendations for the carbon emission decreasing during urbanization. First, establishment and improvement of coordination mechanisms and information sharing mechanisms across regions should also be considered. Second, control population growth reasonably and optimize population structure in order to achieve an orderly flow and rational distribution of the population. Third, the assessment mechanism of the local government should include not only economic indicators but also other indicators.
利用中国 1997 年至 2015 年 30 个省份的面板数据，本文研究了城市化对碳排放的影响。我们使用熵权法来衡量指标的权重，以评估包括人口、经济、消费和生活城市化在内的四维城市化。此外，我们还考察了碳排放的空间相关性，考虑到了空间差异。最终选择空间杜宾模型来分析城市化对碳排放的影响。结论如下：首先，从面板数据模型的结果来看，城市化的四个维度在整个地区都对促进碳排放起着重要作用。然而，在东部、中部和西部地区，城市化的四个维度对碳排放的影响不同。其次，从中国 1997 年至 2015 年碳排放的 Moran's I 来看，我们得出结论，中国的碳排放呈现出显著的空间聚集。第三，从空间计量经济学模型的结果来看，人口城市化仅促进了当地的碳排放。经济城市化和消费城市化促进了当地的碳排放，并减少了其邻近省份的碳排放。生活城市化促进了当地和邻近省份的碳排放。本文为城市化过程中的碳排放减少提出了一些建议。首先，应考虑建立和完善跨区域的协调机制和信息共享机制。其次，要合理控制人口增长，优化人口结构，实现人口的有序流动和合理分布。第三，地方政府的评估机制不仅应包括经济指标，还应包括其他指标。
