School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
China Road & Bridge Corporation, Beijing 100011, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 6;19(9):5673. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095673.
With the development of technology, the concepts of "green" and "sustainable" have gradually been popularized in all walks of life. With the continuous development of the world mining industry, the efficiency of resource development in various countries has been improved, but mining activities and production will undoubtedly bring many environmental pollution problems. As a mining power, China is one of the first countries to put forward the concept of "green mining". Over the years, as people emphasize safety and environmental protection, green mining technology has become the hot topic. At the same time, groundwater pollution caused by mining has become the focus of China's "green mine construction": with the continuous development of mining, mining activities and production will also undoubtedly bring significant environmental pollution. The environmental pollution of the mined area has a vital influence on the surrounding environment. The pollutants mainly come from mining operations and production of the mineral processing industry, including process wastewater, gas waste, smelting slag, etc., which are all acidic. Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs in the process of mining production, due to the structure of minerals and the complex reactions between oxygen and minerals, and results in heavy metal ions leaching into groundwater. Once the groundwater is polluted, it will slowly flow to the surrounding area, resulting in the migration and diffusion of pollutants in the groundwater, affecting the surrounding rivers, farmland, and drinking water for residents. In recent years, environmental damage caused by groundwater pollution from underground mines in Shijiazhuang, China, and Selangor, Malaysia, has had a negative impact on rivers, farmland, and human health. At the same time, the paper introduces many key technologies of green mine construction, such as the backfill mining method. In cooperation with China Road & Bridge Corporation, this paper also introduces the progress in the reuse of mining waste, especially the use of mining waste as aggregate to prepare concrete materials for road and bridge construction. This information article introduces the development status of green mine construction in China and briefly reviews the key technologies of green mine construction in China.
随着科技的发展，“绿色”和“可持续”的概念已逐渐在各行各业得到普及。随着世界采矿业的不断发展，各国资源开发效率得到了提高，但采矿活动和生产无疑会带来许多环境污染问题。作为矿业大国，中国是最早提出“绿色矿业”概念的国家之一。多年来，随着人们对安全和环保的重视，绿色矿业技术已成为热门话题。与此同时，采矿引发的地下水污染已成为中国“绿色矿山建设”的焦点：随着采矿业的不断发展，采矿活动和生产也无疑会带来重大的环境问题。矿区的环境污染对周围环境有着至关重要的影响。污染物主要来自采矿作业和选矿工业的生产，包括工艺废水、废气、冶炼渣等，这些都是酸性的。酸性矿山排水（AMD）是在采矿生产过程中发生的，由于矿物结构和氧与矿物之间的复杂反应，导致重金属离子浸出到地下水中。一旦地下水受到污染，它将缓慢流向周围地区，导致地下水中污染物的迁移和扩散，影响周围的河流、农田和居民的饮用水。近年来，中国石家庄市和马来西亚雪兰莪州地下矿山地下水污染造成的环境破坏对河流、农田和人类健康产生了负面影响。同时，本文还介绍了绿色矿山建设的许多关键技术，如充填采矿法。在与中国路桥工程有限责任公司的合作中，本文还介绍了矿山废物再利用的进展，特别是利用矿山废物作为骨料来制备用于道路和桥梁建设的混凝土材料。这篇信息文章介绍了中国绿色矿山建设的发展现状，并简要回顾了中国绿色矿山建设的关键技术。
