Zhao Fanggui, Zheng Ting, Liu Zhongjie, Fu Weihong, Fang Jinggui
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 26;11(9):1167. doi: 10.3390/plants11091167.
Grapes are subject to a wide range of climatic conditions during their life cycle, but the use of rootstocks can effectively ameliorate the effects of abiotic stress. However, the tolerance mechanism of different grape rootstock varieties varies under various stresses, and systematic research on this aspect is limited. On the basis of previous research, transcriptome sequencing was performed on three tolerant grape rootstock varieties (3309C, 520A, 1103P) and three intolerant grape rootstock varieties (5BB, 101-14, Beta). In total, 56,478,468 clean reads were obtained. One hundred and ten genes only existed in all combinations during P1 with a downregulated trend, and 178 genes existed only in P1 of tolerant grape rootstock varieties. Salt treatment firstly affected the photosynthesis of leaves, and tolerant varieties weakened or even eliminated this effect through their own mechanisms in the later stage. Tolerant varieties mobilized a large number of MFs during the P2 stage, such as hydrolase activity, carboxypeptidase activity, and dioxygenase activity. Carbon metabolism was significantly enriched in P1, while circadian rhythm and flavonoid biosynthesis were only enriched in tolerant varieties. In the intolerant varieties, photosynthesis-related pathways were always the most significantly enriched. There were large differences in the gene expression of the main signal pathways related to salt stress in different varieties. Salt stress affected the expression of genes related to plant abiotic stress, biotic stress, transcription factors, hormones, and secondary metabolism. Tolerant varieties mobilized more bHLH, WRKY, and MYB transcription factors to respond to salt stress than intolerant varieties. In the tolerant rootstocks, SOS was co-expressed. Among these, SOS1 and SOS2 were upregulated, and the SOS3 and SOS5 components were downregulated. The genes of heat shock proteins and the phenylalanine pathway were upregulated in the tolerant varieties. These findings outline a tolerance mechanism model for rootstocks for coping with osmotic stress, providing important information for improving the resistance of grapes under global climate change.
葡萄在其生命周期中会受到广泛的气候条件影响，但使用砧木可以有效改善非生物胁迫的影响。然而，不同葡萄砧木品种在各种胁迫下的耐受机制各不相同，对此方面的系统研究有限。基于先前的研究，对三个耐受葡萄砧木品种（3309C、520A、1103P）和三个不耐受葡萄砧木品种（5BB、101 - 14、贝塔）进行了转录组测序。总共获得了56,478,468条clean reads。在P1阶段，共有110个基因仅在所有组合中呈下调趋势存在，178个基因仅存在于耐受葡萄砧木品种的P1中。盐处理首先影响叶片的光合作用，而耐受品种在后期通过自身机制减弱甚至消除了这种影响。耐受品种在P2阶段调动了大量的MF，如水解酶活性、羧肽酶活性和双加氧酶活性。碳代谢在P1中显著富集，而昼夜节律和类黄酮生物合成仅在耐受品种中富集。在不耐受品种中，与光合作用相关的途径总是最显著富集的。不同品种中与盐胁迫相关的主要信号通路的基因表达存在很大差异。盐胁迫影响了与植物非生物胁迫、生物胁迫、转录因子、激素和次生代谢相关的基因表达。耐受品种比不耐受品种调动更多的bHLH、WRKY和MYB转录因子来应对盐胁迫。在耐受砧木中，SOS共表达。其中，SOS1和SOS2上调，SOS3和SOS5组分下调。热休克蛋白基因和苯丙氨酸途径在耐受品种中上调。这些发现勾勒出了砧木应对渗透胁迫的耐受机制模型，为在全球气候变化下提高葡萄的抗性提供了重要信息。
