Genome-Wide Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis of Gene Family, and the Role of in Cd Accumulation of Hance.

Auxin response factors () play important roles in plant development and environmental adaption. However, the function of in cadmium (Cd) accumulation are still unknown. Here, 23 were detected in the genome of hyperaccumulating ecotype of Hance (HE), and they were not evenly distributed on the chromosomes. Their protein domains remained highly conservative. in the phylogenetic tree can be divided into three groups. Genes in the group Ⅰ contained three introns at most. However, over ten introns were found in other two groups. Collinearity relationships were exhibited among ten . The reasons for generating may be segmental duplication and rearrangements. Collinearity analysis among different species revealed that more collinear genes of can be found in the species with close relationships of HE. A total of eight elements in promoters were related with abiotic stress. The qRT-PCR results indicated that four can respond to Cd stress. Moreover, that there may be functional redundancy among six . The adaptive selection and functional divergence analysis indicated that may undergo positive selection pressure and an adaptive-evolution process. Overexpressing effectively declined Cd accumulation. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites relevant to Cd accumulation can be detected in . Among them, only one SNP site can alter the sequence of the protein, but the mutant of this site did not cause a significant difference in cadmium content, compared with wild-type plants. may be involved in Cd-stress responses, and may be applied for decreasing Cd accumulation of plants.