Xu Dong, Yang Chunyu, Fan Huijin, Qiu Wenmin, Huang Biyun, Zhuo Renying, He Zhengquan, Li Haiying, Han Xiaojiao
Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
Plants (Basel). 2022 May 9;11(9):1273. doi: 10.3390/plants11091273.
Auxin response factors () play important roles in plant development and environmental adaption. However, the function of in cadmium (Cd) accumulation are still unknown. Here, 23 were detected in the genome of hyperaccumulating ecotype of Hance (HE), and they were not evenly distributed on the chromosomes. Their protein domains remained highly conservative. in the phylogenetic tree can be divided into three groups. Genes in the group Ⅰ contained three introns at most. However, over ten introns were found in other two groups. Collinearity relationships were exhibited among ten . The reasons for generating may be segmental duplication and rearrangements. Collinearity analysis among different species revealed that more collinear genes of can be found in the species with close relationships of HE. A total of eight elements in promoters were related with abiotic stress. The qRT-PCR results indicated that four can respond to Cd stress. Moreover, that there may be functional redundancy among six . The adaptive selection and functional divergence analysis indicated that may undergo positive selection pressure and an adaptive-evolution process. Overexpressing effectively declined Cd accumulation. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites relevant to Cd accumulation can be detected in . Among them, only one SNP site can alter the sequence of the protein, but the mutant of this site did not cause a significant difference in cadmium content, compared with wild-type plants. may be involved in Cd-stress responses, and may be applied for decreasing Cd accumulation of plants.
生长素响应因子（ARFs）在植物发育和环境适应中发挥着重要作用。然而，ARFs在镉（Cd）积累中的功能仍不清楚。在此，在李氏禾超积累生态型（HE）的基因组中检测到23个ARFs，它们在染色体上分布不均。它们的蛋白质结构域保持高度保守。系统发育树中的ARFs可分为三组。Ⅰ组中的基因最多含有三个内含子。然而，在其他两组中发现了超过十个内含子。十个ARFs之间呈现出共线性关系。产生ARFs的原因可能是片段重复和重排。不同物种间的共线性分析表明，在与HE亲缘关系较近的物种中可以找到更多ARFs的共线基因。ARF启动子中的共有八个元件与非生物胁迫相关。qRT-PCR结果表明，四个ARFs能够响应Cd胁迫。此外，六个ARFs之间可能存在功能冗余。适应性选择和功能分化分析表明，ARFs可能经历了正选择压力和适应性进化过程。过表达ARF有效地降低了Cd积累。在ARFs中可以检测到11个与Cd积累相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点。其中，只有一个SNP位点能够改变ARF蛋白的序列，但与野生型植物相比，该位点的ARF突变体在镉含量上没有显著差异。ARFs可能参与Cd胁迫响应，并且ARFs可能用于降低植物的Cd积累。
