Zieliński Piotr Stanisław, Gudeti Pavan Kumar Reddy, Rikmanspoel Timo, Włodarczyk-Biegun Małgorzata Katarzyna
Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Biotechnology Centre, The Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Bioact Mater. 2022 Apr 23;19:292-327. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.008. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Fabrication of functional scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications requires material systems with precise control over cellular performance. 3D printing is a powerful technique to create highly complex and multicomponent structures with well-defined architecture and composition. In this review paper, we explore extrusion-based 3D printing methods (EBP, i.e., Near Field Electrospinning (NFES), Melt Electrowriting (MEW), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and extrusion bioprinting) in terms of their ability to produce scaffolds with bio-instructive properties. These material systems provide spatio-temporal guidance for cells, allowing controlled tissue regeneration and maturation. Multiple physical and biochemical cues introduced to the EBP scaffolds are evaluated in their ability to direct cell alignment, proliferation, differentiation, specific ECM production, and tissue maturation. We indicate that the cues have different impacts depending on the material system, cell type used, or coexistence of multiple cues. Therefore, they must be carefully chosen based on the targeted application. We propose future directions in bio-instructive materials development, including such concepts as metamaterials, hybrid living materials, and 4D printing. The review gathers the knowledge essential for designing new materials with a controlled cellular response, fabrication of advanced engineered tissue, and developing a better understanding of cell biology, especially in response to the biomaterial.
制造用于组织工程和再生医学应用的功能性支架需要能够精确控制细胞性能的材料系统。3D打印是一种强大的技术，可用于创建具有明确结构和组成的高度复杂的多组分结构。在这篇综述论文中，我们探讨了基于挤出的3D打印方法（EBP，即近场静电纺丝（NFES）、熔体电写（MEW）、熔融沉积建模（FDM）和挤出生物打印）在生产具有生物指导特性的支架方面的能力。这些材料系统为细胞提供时空引导，从而实现可控的组织再生和成熟。我们评估了引入到EBP支架中的多种物理和生化线索在引导细胞排列、增殖、分化、特定细胞外基质生成和组织成熟方面的能力。我们指出，这些线索的影响因材料系统、所用细胞类型或多种线索的共存情况而异。因此，必须根据目标应用仔细选择它们。我们提出了生物指导材料开发的未来方向，包括超材料、混合活体材料和4D打印等概念。这篇综述收集了设计具有可控细胞反应的新材料、制造先进工程组织以及更好地理解细胞生物学（尤其是对生物材料的反应）所必需的知识。
