Pollock M L, Foster C, Knapp D, Rod J L, Schmidt D H
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1987 Feb;62(2):725-31. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.62.2.725.
Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and body composition have been shown to deteriorate with age. How much of the decline is attributable to aging and how much is affected by reduced physical activity is not known. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the aerobic capacity and body composition of 24 master track athletes and to evaluate the relationship to age and maintenance of training over a 10-yr period. The subjects (50-82 yr of age) were retested after a 10.1-yr follow-up (T2). All continued their aerobic training, but only 11 were still highly competitive (COMP) and continued to train at the same intensity. The other 13 athletes studied became noncompetitive (post-COMP) and reduced their training intensity. The results showed the COMP group to maintain its VO2max and maximum O2 pulse while the post-COMP group showed a significant decline (54.2-53.3 vs. 52.5-45.9 ml X kg-1 X min-1; 20.7-20.8 vs. 22.4-20.0 ml/beat from test one (T1) to T2 for the COMP vs. post-COMP groups, respectively). Maximum heart rate declined 7 beats/min for both groups. Body composition showed no difference between groups from T1 to T2. For both groups body weight declined slightly (70.0-68.9 kg), percent fat increased significantly (13.1-15.1%), and fat-free weight decreased significantly (61.0-59.0 kg). Thus, when training was maintained, aerobic capacity remained unchanged over the follow-up period. Body composition changed for both groups and may have been related to aging and/or the type of training performed.
最大摄氧量（VO2max）和身体成分已被证明会随着年龄增长而变差。这种下降有多少可归因于衰老，又有多少受到体力活动减少的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是确定24名中年田径运动员的有氧能力和身体成分，并评估其与年龄以及10年训练维持情况的关系。在10.1年的随访（T2）后对受试者（年龄在50 - 82岁之间）进行了重新测试。所有人都继续进行有氧训练，但只有11人仍具有高度竞争力（COMP组）并继续以相同强度训练。其他13名被研究的运动员不再具有竞争力（COMP后组）并降低了训练强度。结果显示，COMP组保持了其最大摄氧量和最大氧脉搏，而COMP后组则出现了显著下降（COMP组与COMP后组从测试一（T1）到T2，最大摄氧量分别为54.2 - 53.3 vs. 52.5 - 45.9 ml×kg-1×min-1；最大氧脉搏分别为20.7 - 20.8 vs. 22.4 - 20.0 ml/次心跳）。两组的最大心率均下降了7次/分钟。从T1到T2，两组的身体成分没有差异。两组的体重均略有下降（70.0 - 68.9 kg），体脂百分比显著增加（13.1 - 15.1%），去脂体重显著下降（61.0 - 59.0 kg）。因此，当训练得以维持时，随访期间有氧能力保持不变。两组的身体成分都发生了变化，这可能与衰老和/或所进行的训练类型有关。
