Janouskova Olga, Herma Regina, Semeradtova Alena, Poustka David, Liegertova Michaela, Hana Auer Malinska, Maly Jan
Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí Nad Labem, Czech Republic.
Front Mol Biosci. 2022 May 2;9:846650. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.846650. eCollection 2022.
Despite extensive study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes (EXs) as biomarkers, important modulators of physiological or pathological processes, or therapeutic agents, relatively little is known about nonconventional sources of EXs, such as invertebrate or plant EXs, and their uses. Likewise, there is no clear information on the overview of storage conditions and currently used isolation methods, including new ones, such as microfluidics, which fundamentally affect the characterization of EXs and their other biomedical applications. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize conventional and nonconventional sources of EXs, storage conditions and typical isolation methods, widely used kits and new "smart" technologies with emphasis on the influence of isolation techniques on EX content, protein detection, RNA, mRNA and others. At the same time, attention is paid to a brief overview of the direction of biomedical application of EXs, especially in diagnostics, therapy, senescence and aging and, with regard to the current situation, in issues related to Covid-19.
尽管对细胞外囊泡（EVs），特别是作为生物标志物、生理或病理过程的重要调节因子或治疗剂的外泌体（EXs）进行了广泛研究，但对于非传统来源的EXs，如无脊椎动物或植物EXs及其用途，人们了解相对较少。同样，关于储存条件的概述以及目前使用的分离方法，包括新方法（如微流体技术），也没有明确的信息，而这些方法从根本上影响着EXs的表征及其其他生物医学应用。本综述的目的是简要总结EXs的传统和非传统来源、储存条件和典型分离方法、广泛使用的试剂盒以及新的“智能”技术，重点关注分离技术对EX含量、蛋白质检测、RNA、mRNA等的影响。同时，关注EXs生物医学应用方向的简要概述，特别是在诊断、治疗、衰老和老化方面，以及就当前情况而言，在与新冠病毒相关的问题上。
