Wickramasinghe Akurange Sujeevi Dammadinna, Kalansuriya Pabasara, Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2022 Apr 21;96:100672. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2022.100672. eCollection 2022.
Herbal remedies are used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) as the sole treatment or as a complementary therapy. Limitations of herbal remedies, such as poor stability and limited absorption, impede their development as therapeutic agents, which could be overcome by nanoformulations.
This review attempts to summarize the studies reported between 2009 and 2020 in the development of medicinal plant-based nanoformulations for the management of type 2 DM, discuss formulation methods, mechanisms of action, and identify gaps in the literature to conduct future research on nanoparticle-based herbal treatment options targeting type 2 DM.
To retrieve articles published between January 2009 and December 2020, the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched with the keywords , and in the entire text. Peer-reviewed research articles on herbal nanoformulations published in English-language based on and/or models of type 2 DM and/or its complications were included. The literature search and selection of titles/abstracts were carried out independently by 2 authors. The list of full-text articles was selected considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the agreement of all the authors.
Among the reported studies, 68% of the studies were on inorganic herbal nanoformulations, whereas 17% and 8% were of polymer-based and lipid-based herbal nanoformulations, respectively. Some of the important biological properties of nanoformulations included improvement in glycemic control and insulin levels, inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products, and regeneration of pancreatic β cells. The aforementioned properties were observed by screening nanoformulations using cellular and noncellular models, as well as animal models of type 2 DM studied for acute or subacute durations. Only 2 clinical trials with patients with diabetes were reported, indicating the need for further research on medicinal plant-based nanoformulations as a therapeutic option for the management of type 2 DM.
Medicinal plant extracts and isolated compounds have been nanoformulated using various methods. The properties of the nanoformulations were found superior to those of the corresponding herbal extracts and isolated compounds. At both the preclinical and clinical levels, there are a number of poorly explored research areas in the development and bioactivity assessment of herbal nanoformulations. (. 2022; 83:XXX-XXX) © 2022 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
草药制剂被用作治疗2型糖尿病（2型DM）的唯一疗法或辅助疗法。草药制剂存在稳定性差和吸收有限等局限性，阻碍了其作为治疗药物的开发，而纳米制剂可以克服这些局限性。
本综述试图总结2009年至2020年间报道的关于用于治疗2型DM的药用植物基纳米制剂开发的研究，讨论制剂方法、作用机制，并找出文献中的空白，以便对针对2型DM的基于纳米颗粒的草药治疗方案进行未来研究。
为检索2009年1月至2020年12月发表的文章，在电子数据库PubMed、Science Direct和Google Scholar中使用关键词 、 和 在全文中进行搜索。纳入基于2型DM和/或其并发症的 和/或 模型发表的英文同行评审的关于草药纳米制剂的研究文章。文献检索和标题/摘要的选择由2位作者独立进行。考虑纳入和排除标准，在所有作者达成一致的情况下选择全文文章列表。
在报道的研究中，68%的研究是关于无机草药纳米制剂，而基于聚合物和脂质的草药纳米制剂分别占17%和8%。纳米制剂的一些重要生物学特性包括改善血糖控制和胰岛素水平、抑制晚期糖基化终产物的形成以及胰腺β细胞的再生。通过使用细胞和非细胞模型以及对急性或亚急性持续时间进行研究的2型DM动物模型筛选纳米制剂，观察到了上述特性。仅报道了2项针对糖尿病患者的临床试验，这表明需要进一步研究基于药用植物的纳米制剂作为治疗2型DM的一种治疗选择。
已使用各种方法将药用植物提取物和分离的化合物制成纳米制剂。发现纳米制剂的特性优于相应的草药提取物和分离的化合物。在临床前和临床水平上，草药纳米制剂的开发和生物活性评估都有许多未充分探索的研究领域。（. 2022; 83:XXX - XXX）© 2022爱思唯尔HS期刊公司
