Streptomyces spinosus sp. nov. and Streptomyces shenzhenensis subsp. oryzicola subsp. nov. endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Jasmine rice and their genome mining for potential as antibiotic producers and plant growth promoters.

Two endophytic actinobacteria, strains SBTS01 and W18L9, were isolated from leaf sheath and leaf tissue, respectively, of Jasmine rice (Oryza sativa KDML 105) grown in a rice paddy field in Roi Et Province, Thailand. A polyphasic taxonomic study showed that both strains belong to the genus Streptomyces; they are aerobic, forming well-developed substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia with long chains of spores. Strain SBTS01 shares high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces rochei NRRL B-2410 (99.0%) and Streptomyces naganishii NRRL ISP-5282 (99.0%). Strain W18L9 shares high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces shenzhenensis DSM 42034 (99.7%). The genotypic and phenotypic properties of strains SBTS01 and W18L9 distinguish these two strains from the closely related species with validly published names. The genome analysis showed the dDDH, ANIb and ANIm values of the draft genome between strain SBTS01 and its close neighbour in the phylogenomic tree, Streptomyces corchorusii DSM 40340 to be 54.1, 92.6, and 94.3%, respectively; similarly for strain W18L9 and the closely related species S. shenzhenensis DSM 42034 values were 72.5, 95.1 and 97.0%. The name proposed for the new species represented by the type strain SBTS01 is Streptomyces spinosus (= NRRL B-65636 = TBRC 15052). The name proposed for the novel subspecies of strain W18L9 is Streptomyces shenzhenensis subsp. oryzicola (= NRRL B-65635 = TBRC 15051). Recognition of this subspecies also permits the description of Streptomyces shenzhenensis subsp. shenzhenensis. Strains SBTS01 and W18L9 can produce antibiotic against rice and human pathogens and showed plant growth promoting properties such as production of indole acetic acid, cytokinin, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, siderophores and cellulase. Genomic data mining of these two strains confirmed their potential as antibiotic producers and plant growth promoters. Their genomes contain multiple biosynthetic gene clusters including those for terpene, type 1, 2 and 3 polyketide synthase, Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and lanthipeptides. Genes encoding plant growth promoting traits such; nitrogen fixation, ACC deaminase, siderophore production and stress-related adaption may have ecological significance.