Pituch-Noworolska Anna Marta
Department of Immunology, University Children's Hospital of Cracow, Poland.
Cent Eur J Immunol. 2022;47(1):95-101. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2022.113078. Epub 2022 Feb 10.
In the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, the questions about specific activity of this virus in induction and/or inhibition of the innate and adaptive immune response are still open. Clinical observations of the severe and critical course of infection showed the hyperinflammation and cytokine storm. In organs and tissues that are a target for viral entry the lymphocytes and monocytes are dominant cells in tissue infiltration. There are different ways and different mechanisms leading to immune response disorders. In peripheral blood in the severe and fatal course of disease lymphopenia is frequent as a poor prognosis factor. Reduced numbers of lymphocytes, mainly T cells and NK cells, are noted in the majority of these patients. The NK cells belonging to the innate immunity system are dedicated to the antiviral response due to production of interferon (IFN) and direct lysis of virus infected cells. In SARS-CoV-2 infection NK cells' activity against this pathogen is impaired based on inhibition of IFN production and functional exhaustion. The restoration of NK cell number and function might support elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, increasing chances of recovery. The use of activated NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 therapy is under clinical trials.
在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行期间，关于该病毒在诱导和/或抑制先天性和适应性免疫反应方面的特定活性问题仍未解决。对严重和危重症感染病程的临床观察显示存在炎症反应过度和细胞因子风暴。在病毒进入的靶器官和组织中，淋巴细胞和单核细胞是组织浸润中的主要细胞。导致免疫反应紊乱有不同的方式和机制。在疾病的严重和致命病程中，外周血淋巴细胞减少很常见，这是一个预后不良的因素。在大多数此类患者中，淋巴细胞数量减少，主要是T细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞。属于先天性免疫系统的NK细胞由于产生干扰素（IFN）和直接裂解病毒感染细胞而致力于抗病毒反应。在SARS-CoV-2感染中，基于IFN产生的抑制和功能耗竭，NK细胞针对该病原体的活性受损。NK细胞数量和功能的恢复可能有助于清除SARS-CoV-2病毒，增加康复机会。在SARS-CoV-2治疗中使用活化的NK细胞正在进行临床试验。
