Irfan Muhammad, Lee Yuan Yee, Lee Ki-Ja, Kim Sung Dae, Rhee Man Hee
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Ginseng Res. 2022 May;46(3):387-395. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.010. Epub 2021 Jun 11.
Fermentation may alter the bioavailability of certain compounds, which may affect their efficacy and pharmacological responses. This study investigated the antiplatelet effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG).
A rodent model was used to evaluate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of the extracts. Rats were orally fed with human equivalent doses of the extracts for 1 week and examined for various signaling pathways using standard in vivo and ex vivo techniques. Light transmission aggregometry was performed, and calcium mobilization, dense granule secretion, integrin αβ-mediated signaling molecules, cyclic nucleotide signaling events, and various protein molecules were evaluated ex vivo in collagen-stimulated washed platelets. Furthermore, antithrombotic properties were evaluated using a standard acute pulmonary thromboembolism model, and the effects on hemostasis were investigated using rat and mice models.
Both RGE and FRG significantly inhibited platelet aggregation, calcium mobilization, and dense granule secretion along with integrin-mediated fibrinogen binding and fibrinogen adhesion. cAMP levels were found to be elevated in RGE-treated rat platelets. Ginseng extracts did not exert any effect on prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. RGE-treated mice showed significantly better survival under thrombosis than FRG-treated mice, with no effects on hemostasis, whereas FRG-treated mice exhibited a slight increment in bleeding time.
Both extracts, especially RGE, are remarkable supplements to maintain cardiovascular health and are potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of platelet-related cardiovascular disorders.
发酵可能会改变某些化合物的生物利用度，进而可能影响其功效和药理反应。本研究调查了红参提取物（RGE）和发酵红参提取物（FRG）的抗血小板作用。
采用啮齿动物模型评估提取物的抗血小板和抗血栓形成作用。给大鼠口服相当于人类剂量的提取物，持续1周，然后使用标准的体内和体外技术检测各种信号通路。进行光透射聚集测定，并在体外对胶原刺激的洗涤血小板中的钙动员、致密颗粒分泌、整合素αβ介导的信号分子、环核苷酸信号事件和各种蛋白质分子进行评估。此外，使用标准的急性肺血栓栓塞模型评估抗血栓形成特性，并使用大鼠和小鼠模型研究对止血的影响。
RGE和FRG均显著抑制血小板聚集、钙动员和致密颗粒分泌，以及整合素介导的纤维蛋白原结合和纤维蛋白原黏附。发现RGE处理的大鼠血小板中cAMP水平升高。人参提取物对凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间没有任何影响。与FRG处理的小鼠相比，RGE处理的小鼠在血栓形成情况下的存活率显著更高，对止血无影响，而FRG处理的小鼠出血时间略有增加。
两种提取物，尤其是RGE，都是维持心血管健康的显著补充剂，是治疗和预防血小板相关心血管疾病的潜在候选药物。
