Byker Shanks Carmen, Houghtaling Bailey, Shanks Justin, Grocke-Dewey Michelle, Webber Eliza, Andress Lauri, Hardison-Moody Annie, Patton-Lopez Megan, Haynes-Maslow Lindsey
Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Omaha, NE 68114, USA.
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Aug;28:101830. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101830. Epub 2022 May 18.
Little is known about the differences in dietary practices among food secure and food insecure populations during the early COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in dietary practices the early COVID-19 pandemic restrictions between adults reporting food security versus food insecurity. An online cross-sectional survey using validated measures was administered between April and September 2020 to explore both dietary patterns and practices and food security status among persons residing in five U.S. states from different regions of the country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between-group differences (food secure versus food insecure) were examined for dietary practice outcomes using Pearson's Chi-Square test statistic, with Fisher's Exact test for cell counts less than five. There were 3,213 adult respondents. Food insecurity increased among the survey sample from 15.9% before the COVID-19 pandemic to 23.1% during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.01). Compared to food secure respondents, those experiencing food insecurity reported more group gatherings for meals during the pandemic, decreased fruit and vegetable intake, and a need for more nutrition support resources than food secure respondents (p < 0.05). Food secure individuals reported increasing alcohol consumption, more frequent take-out or delivery ordering from fast food or restaurants, and more interest in supporting the local food system (p < 0.05). Results indicate a clear risk of disparities in dietary practices based on food security status during the early COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Public health research, practice, and policy efforts should tailor specific efforts towards both food secure and food insecure groups.
在新冠疫情早期实施限制措施期间，关于粮食安全和粮食不安全人群在饮食习惯上的差异，人们了解得很少。本研究的目的是调查在新冠疫情早期实施限制措施期间，报告粮食安全与粮食不安全的成年人在饮食习惯上的差异。2020年4月至9月，我们进行了一项使用经过验证的测量方法的在线横断面调查，以探究新冠疫情期间居住在美国不同地区五个州的人群的饮食模式和习惯以及粮食安全状况。使用Pearson卡方检验统计量对饮食习惯结果进行组间差异（粮食安全与粮食不安全）检验，对于单元格计数小于5的情况使用Fisher精确检验。共有3213名成年受访者。调查样本中的粮食不安全率从新冠疫情前的15.9%上升至新冠疫情开始时的23.1%（p < 0.01）。与粮食安全的受访者相比，经历粮食不安全的受访者报告称，在疫情期间聚餐更多，水果和蔬菜摄入量减少，并且比粮食安全的受访者更需要更多营养支持资源（p < 0.05）。粮食安全的个体报告称饮酒量增加，从快餐店或餐馆订购外卖或送餐的频率更高，并且对支持当地粮食系统更感兴趣（p < 0.05）。结果表明，在新冠疫情早期实施限制措施期间，基于粮食安全状况，饮食习惯存在明显的差异风险。公共卫生研究、实践和政策努力应针对粮食安全和粮食不安全群体采取具体措施。
